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In present research, natural fiber obtained from ladies finger plant was chemically treated separately using alkali (2% NaOH), chromium sulfate (4% Cr 2 (SO 4) 3 •12(H 2 O)), and chromium sulfate and sodium bicarbonate (4% Cr 2 (SO 4) 3 •12(H 2 O)+NaHCO 3). Both raw and chemically treated fibers were subsequently characterized using mechanical (tensile), structural (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy), and thermal (thermogravimetric) analysis. Fourier analysis showed the presence of (−OH) group in the ladies plant fiber. Scanning electron micrographs revealed rougher surface in case of alkali treated fiber, while thin coating layer was formed on the fiber surface during other two treatments. Tensile test on ladies finger single fiber was carried out by varying span length. The tensile strength and Young's modulus values were found to be increased after chemical treatment. For both raw and chemically treated fibers, Young's modulus increased and tensile strength decreased with increase in span length. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated the same level of thermal stability for both raw and treated ladies finger fibers.

The data on the elastic scattering cross-section (CS) and vector analyzing power (VAP ) of 6,7 Li incident on 12 C, 26 Mg, 58 Ni and 120 Sn nuclei are analyzed in terms of an optical model (OM) potential, the real part of which is generated from a realistic two-nucleon interaction using the energy-density functional (EDF) formalism. The EDF-generated real part of the potential is non-monotonic (NM) in nature. This NM real potential part, without any renormalization, along with an empirically determined imaginary part and spin-orbit potential, embodying the underlying physics of projectile excitation, can successfully account for both CS and VAP data in all four cases. This investigation, for the first time, using the simple OM analysis accounts well for the opposite signs of the VAP data of elastically scattered 6,7 Li by 58 Ni at E lab ≈ 20 MeV and by 120 Sn at E lab = 44 MeV. The ramification of successfully describing the data by the EDF-generated potential to the equation of state of nuclear matter is discussed.

Experimental differential cross sections of α elastic scattering by 90Zr in the 15.0–141.7 MeV range of the bombarding energies have been analysed within the framework of an optical model using non-monotonic (NM) potentials. These potentials are generated from the energy-density functional theory using a realistic two-nucleon potential coupled with an appropriate consideration of the Pauli principle. The NM nature of the real part of the potential seems to be gradually diminishing at energies beyond 118.0 MeV. The Airy structure of the nuclear rainbow scattering data in the energy range of 79.5–141.7 MeV is for the first time well accounted for by the shallow NM potential. Two potential families, which are located in the real part, bear a linear variation of a volume integral in the energy range 25.0–141.7 MeV with a threshold anomaly at the lower energies. The potential contains an interior repulsive part that, with energy, shifts towards the surface and gradually weakens until it is almost lost in the nuclear surface. The requirement of a deep attractive real part of the nuclear potential seems to be generally non-stringent for describing the nuclear rainbow oscillations. Some discrete ambiguities in the potentials seem to persist even when the ‘exponential falloff’ in the angular distribution following the ‘rainbow angle’ is well reproduced in this investigation using the NM real part of the optical potentials.

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