This paper assess the level of potability of rainwater samples harvested from catchments roofs in 6 rural communities of Delta State, Nigeria to achieve this goal a stratified sampling technique was adopted in the establishment of 90 sterilized cans into the 3 senatorial districts of Delta; on the basis of one can for thatch, aluminium, asbestos and corrugated iron sheets, and open surfaces. Six rural communities each were chosen from the three senatorial districts, making a total of 18 rural communities that were chosen for the study. The harvested rainwater samples were analysed with the most appropriate equipment and analytical techniques as recommended by World Health Organisation (WHO) and federal ministry of environment in Nigeria. Kruskal-wallis H'test statistical techniques was employed to ascertain whether differences exist amongst the rainwater samples collected from thatch, aluminium, asbestos and corrugated iron roofing sheets, and open surfaces. The result revealed that most of physiochemical and biological characteristics of rainwater samples were generally below the WHO threshold, as such the rainwater characteristics showed satisfactory concentration in these rural communities. Thus, the rainwater from these rural communities should be harvested, stored for human consumption and for other uses by the inhabitants. But

The study adopted the experimental research design and field survey of the oil-producing region of Nigeria for the past 10 years. A total of 100 sterilized rain gauges were randomly distributed on the basis of 50 each to the eastern and western division of the oil company operating in the region. The rainwater samples harvested through this process were transferred into sterilized plastic containers and kept in coolers and taken immediately to the laboratory for analysis soon after every rain event. The rainwater samples were analysed in the laboratory with the most appropriate techniques. The physicochemical characteristics of rainwater harvested were subjected to paired t test and 3-year moving average statistical analysis. The following are the results: There is widespread acid rain in the region, this is evident from pH values that span 4.98-5.15 and 5.06 mean values. The result also revealed that acid rain (pH) varied significantly (P [ 0.05), and it decreases with increasing distance from gas flare sites throughout the period of study. Other physicochemical characteristics of rainwater resources conform to safe limit with the exception of turbidity, TSS, Pb and NO 3, which is also significant at P [ 0.05 with increasing distance from the gas flare sites, as such they decreases with increasing distance. This certainly has serious environmental effects on the human and other species, soil, water and vegetation resources and calls for the extinction of gas flaring, in this region. Sources of water that are acidified should be periodically limed to reduce the acid concentration in such water.

This study examined the relationship between climate and prevalence of malaria in Warri metropolis. To achieve this, the study generated data from archival material from the meteorological agency and hospitals. Climate data of temperature, rainfall and humidity were collected from the Nigeria Meteorological agency, Warri and malaria in-patient and out-patient records from the two (2) central hospitals and one (1) renowned hospital each from the three (3) local Government Areas for a period of twenty (20) years (1990-2009). The data were analyzed using the Multiple Regression. From the study, the rainfall and temperature in Warri metropolis has increased over the years (1907-2009) by 122.82 mmand 1.3℃. Thus, if this warming continues there will be a risk of between 1.4℃ and an urban warming of 4.18℃, indicating climate change. There is a significant relationship between malaria and climate parameters (rainfall, temperature and humidity) which were evident at F value of 4.429 which is greater than the critical table value of 4.35, which implied that the model is significant and thus, malaria prevalence in Warri metropolis is significantly dependent on rainfall, relative humidity and temperature. It is anticipated that an increase in temperature and relative humidity resulted to a corresponding increase in the number of malaria cases, it is therefore recommended that any policy aimed at reducing the prevalence of malaria in Warri and environs must necessarily be imbued with programmes that have objectives of mosquitoes reduction through the improvement of our environment which includes the climate.

This study examined the spatial distribution of particulate air pollution in the Warri metropolis. This was done to ascertain the differences between the distribution of particulate matter (PM10) in the urban area and the surrounding rural areas. To achieve this, the study generated data from field measurement of PM10 levels for the year 2003. Analysis of variance, the U-test, and simple regression statistical techniques were used to analyze the data. The major finding of the study was that the Warri metropolitan area is polluted with PM10 levels of over 126 lg/m 3 , which is 81% over the 70 lg/m 3 threshold of the World Health Organization. However the built-up area of the Warri metropolis is 150% more polluted with PM10 particulates than the surrounding rural areas. While the traffic-clogged area of Enerhen, Jakpa, Deco, and Estate Junctions are the most polluted areas with levels of 151 lg/ m 3 , traditional areas had the lowest levels of 128 lg/m 3 . The daily distribution of PM10 showed that Mondays were the most polluted days with levels of 145 lg/m 3 and Fridays were the least polluted days with levels of 141.5 lg/ m 3 in the built-up area, whereas in the rural area Wednesdays were the most polluted days with levels of 57.1 lg/m 3 and Sundays were the least polluted days with levels of 53.5 lg/m 3 . Mondays generally recorded the highest PM10 values because of the large amount of industrial operation, heavy vehicular traffic in the peak period, and increased commercial activities. The study also showed significant variation in the level of PM10 particulates within the urban areas of the Warri metropolis with a calculated F-value (3.29), which is greater than the critical F-value of 3.14 at the 0.05 significance level. It is therefore recommended that urban environmental management policy should be vigorously pursued to curb the adverse consequences of increased PM10 levels in urban areas of the Warri metropolis.

The study examines the effect of climate on the occurrence of malaria in Port Harcourt. To achieve this, the study adopted the survey designs which involved the use of archival data of climate parameters and the survey of hospitals for epidemiological data of malaria cases reports within Port Harcourt and environs. The archival weather data on temperature and rainfall were collected from the Nigeria Meteorological Service Agency (NIMET) for a period of sixty-five (65) years (1950-2014), and those for medical records of malaria cases were extracted from the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospitals (UPTH), Braithwaite Memorial Hospital (BMH) and some renowned private hospitals in Port Harcourt and environs for a period of sixty-five (65) years. The multiple regression analysis was used to determine the relative effect of rainfall and temperature on malaria incidence. The polynomial and linear trend analysis was used for the trend pattern of malaria cases, rainfall and temperature. The results revealed an annual rainfall of 2375 mm, with an increase of 1581 mm of rainfall from 1950 till date. It also showed an urban warming of 3˚C from 1950 to 2014, and a mean of 27.2˚C in temperature in Port Harcourt. The results of the multiple regression reveal that the prevalence of malaria is significantly dependent on the increase in rainfall and temperature in Port Harcourt. There are double maxima of malaria cases with 1006 cases in July and 1540 cases in September, which coincide with the months with double rain maxima. On this premise and health care planning and development, it is recommended that regular clearing of drains and the surrounding environment on monthly basis should be intensified, as well as the distribution of mosquito's insecticide net by the three tier of government.