vulnerability of recreational territories of Kabardino-Balkaria to influences of natural disasters is investigated. Systemized data of types and degree of glacial danger on the territory are presented. The regularities of the manifestation of glacial slopes are investigated. The dynamics of the development of the preglacial lakes is revealed. Objects exposed to snow avalanches and mudflows are identified. The volume of avalanches in the territory of the republic varies from 100 m3 to 106 m3.

The paper presents a three-dimensional numerical model developed by the authors, which describes the change over time of thermodynamic and microphysical characteristics of the atmosphere in the computational domain, the distribution of impurities on a local scale (up to 50 km) from various sources, taking into account the actual or forecast fields of meteorological parameters. The model differs in that it takes into account the microphysical processes of interaction of impurities with the cloud environment. To obtain three-dimensional prognostic fields of meteorological parameters at the initial time (when initializing the model), a combination of data from the global forecasting system GFS and data from remote observations using Doppler meteorological radars is used. Validation of the model on various test data is carried out. Numerical experiments were performed using orography and the actual distribution of wind in the atmosphere. The use of data of instrumental measurements and forecast system allows obtaining a detailed analysis of the environmental situation in the study area.

В связи с высокими темпами деградации ледника Большой Азау на Эльбрусе возникла необходимость оценки развития озер на территории, освободившейся ото льда, и на самом леднике. С этой целью проведен анализ разновременной аэрокосмической информации за период 1957-2021 гг., материалов аэровизуальных обследований, сведений из интернет-источников, сообщений и фотографий туристов. Установлено существование в разное время 15 озер площадью 0.14-20.25 тыс. м2 на леднике Большой Азау и прилегающей территории. Выявлено длительное существование озера на контакте с ледником на перевале Эхо Войны с площадью до 4.5 тыс. м2 в период с 1971 по 2009 г. Максимальная площадь (20.25 тыс. м2) была определена по космоснимку 25.06.2009 г. у озера, расположенного на участке мертвых льдов срединных морен между левым и правым основными потоками льда ледника Большой Азау. В мульдах на поверхности ледника в разное время существовало три озера с максимальной площадью 7.86 тыс. м2. Озера на леднике Большой Азау появляются в основном в период таяния снежного покрова, когда в мульдах на участке оттока воды сохраняются в виде плотин массы метелевого снега. Исчезновение озер происходит в результате таяния снежных плотин, а также по подледным и подземным каналам стока. High rates of degradation of the Bolshoy Azau Glacier on Elbrus make it necessary to assess the development of lakes on the ice-free land and on the glacier itself. For this purpose, aerospace data for the period of 1957-2021, as well as information from visual observations, Internet sources, and tourist photographs were analyzed. The existence of 15 lakes with an area of 0.14-20.25 thousand m2 on the Bolshoy Azau Glacier and the adjacent territory was recorded at various times. The long-term existence of the lake in contact with the glacier on the Echo of the War mountain passage covering with an area of up to 4.5 thousand m2 was revealed for the period of 1971-2009. The maximum area (20.25 thousand m2) was detected on a satellite image from June 25, 2009 for a lake on the dead ice part of the median moraine between left and right ice streams of the Bolshoy Azau Glacier. In the hollows on the glacier surface, up to three lakes with a maximum total area of 7.86 thousand m2 were observed in different times. Lakes on the Bolshoy Azau Glacier appeared mainly during the snow cover melting, while masses of drifted snow served as dams in the drainage area of hollows. These lakes disappeared after melting of drifted snow dams and/or in the course of drainage through subglacial and underground runoff channels.

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The article presents the results of a week of simultaneous measurements by four EFM 550 sensors of the electric field strength for points located in the plain of the piedmont and mountainous parts of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic. The high role of local meteorological conditions in the formation of the surface atmospheric electric field is noted.