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Security enhancement in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is significant in different applications. The advancement of routing attack localization is a crucial security research scenario. Various routing attacks degrade the network performance by injecting malicious nodes into wireless sensor networks. Sybil attacks are the most prominent ones generating false nodes similar to the station node. This paper proposed detection and localization against multiple attacks using security localization based on an optimized multilayer perceptron artificial neural network (MLPANN). The proposed scheme has two major part localization techniques and machine learning techniques for detection and localization WSN DoS attacks. The proposed system is implemented using MATLAB simulation and processed with the IBM SPSS toolbox and Python. The dataset is classified into training and testing using the multilayer perceptron artificial neural network to detect ten classes of attacks, including denial-of-service (DoS) attacks. Using the UNSW-NB, WSN-DS, NSL-KDD, and CICIDS2018 benchmark datasets, the results reveal that the suggested system improved with an average detection accuracy of 100%, 99.65%, 98.95%, and 99.83% for various DoS attacks. In terms of localization precision, recall, accuracy, and f-score, the suggested system outperforms state-of-the-art alternatives. Finally, simulations are done to assess how well the suggested method for detecting and localizing harmful nodes performs in terms of security. This method provides a close approximation of the unknown node position with low localization error. The simulation findings show that the proposed system is effective for the detection and secure localization of malicious attacks for scalable and hierarchically distributed wireless sensor networks. This achieved a maximum localization error of 0.49% and average localization accuracy of 99.51% using a secure and scalable design and planning approach.