No abstract

Table I. Mineral Element Content of Ten Kinds of Raw, Mature, Dry Legumes' mg/100 g edible portion Kind of legume Calcium Copper Iron Magnesium Manganese Phosphorus Potassium Sodium Zinc Phaseolus vulgaris Navy beans 135.5 ± 2.0 0.80 ± 0.02 5.34 ± 0.02 162.8 ± 2.3 1.02 ± 0.01 453 ± 6 820.8 i 15.0 1.66 ± 0.03 2.17 i 0.04 Great northern beans 181.2 ± 2.9 0.82 ± 0.02 6.87 ± 0.08 178.3 ± 4.7 1.52 ± 0.02 458 ± 3 1087.3 ± 21.1 3.60 ± 0.04 2.12 i 0.04 Pinto beans 111.7 ± 3.6 0.67 ± 0.06 7.04 i 0.15 170.8 ± 7.9 1.52 ± 0.13 510 ± 69 1156.2 ± 43.4 2.51 ± 0.10 2.21 t 0.05 Red kidney beans 59.5 t 2.6 0.69 * 0.01 7.47 ± 0.23 123.0 ± 5.1 1.43 ± 0.10 374 ± 13 1300.7 ± 11.7 2.45 ± 0.03 2.52 ± 0.04 Signif. of diff.b

Weight lifters (WL) attempt to achieve a low body fat while maintaining fat free mass (FFM) and muscle function. Body composition and isometric muscular endurance were tested in 19 experienced male WL at the end of a weight maintenance and exercise routine standardization week. The subjects were assigned to either a control (C), moderate-protein (0.8 g.kg-1.d-1), high-carbohydrate hypoenergy diet (MP/HC), or high-protein (1.6 g.kg-1.d-1), moderate-carbohydrate hypoenergy diet (HP/MC). Both hypoenergy diets provided 75.3 kJ (18 kcal).kg-1.d-1. Apparent nitrogen balance (NBAL) was assessed using nitrogen in the diet, urine, and sweat. Body fat and FFM loss via hydrostatic weighing were not different between the hypoenergy groups. However, lean body mass (LBM) change as assessed by NBAL showed that the MP/HC group had an average negative NBAL of -3.19 g.d-1 while the HP/MC group had a positive NBAL of 4.13 g.d-1. Macronutrient mix did not affect biceps endurance, but quadriceps endurance declined for the HP/MC group during the experimental week. In conclusion, a hypoenergy diet providing twice the RDA for protein was more effective in retaining body protein in WL than a diet with higher carbohydrate but the RDA for protein. However, the lower carbohydrate of this diet contributed to reduced muscular endurance in these athletes.

Yield of kernels, proximate composition (moisture, crude fiber, fat, protein and ash), and content of nine mineral elements–Ca, Mg, P, Na, K, Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn‐are reported for three cultivars of peanuts, raw and roasted. Roasting resulted in higher concentrations of all nutrients measured in the peanuts except moisture and sodium, whose contents decreased. Although statistically significant differences in nutrient content were noted among cultivars, these differences were of little practical importance. Data on retentions of proximate components and mineral elements with roasting of peanuts indicate that except for moisture and sodium (which were low) and ash (which was high), retentions were close to 100%.

This study investigated whether boron would enhance the ability of 17beta-estradiol (E2) or parathyroid hormone (PTH) to improve bone quality in ovariectomized OVX rats. Adult OVX rats were treated for 5 wk with vehicle, boron (5 ppm as boric acid), E2 (30 microg/kg/d, sc), PTH (60 microg/kg/d, sc), or a combination of boron and E2 or PTH, respectively. The E2 treatment corrected many adverse effects of OVX on bone quality, increased bone Ca, P, and Mg contents, and decreased trabecular plate separation. Dietary boron supplementation had no effects on these bone parameters in OVX rats. When OVX rats were treated with boron and E2 together, trabecular bone volume (Tb.BS/TV) and plate density were increased significantly more than that caused by E2 alone. The boron and E2 combination also increased trabecular bone surface (Tb.BV/TV) and decreased trabecular plate separation in OVX rats. In contrast, whereas daily PTH injection also increased bone Ca, Mg, and P contents, Tb.BV/TV, Tb.BS/TV, trabecular plate density and thickness, and decreased trabecular plate separation in OVX rats, the combination of boron and PTH had no additional improvement in bone quality over that achieved by PTH alone. In summary, this study shows for the first time that boron enhanced the action of E2, but not that of PTH, to improve trabecular bone quality in OVX rats.