Abstract"Sense of home" in mass housing depends on the degree of congruity of the environment with endusers' different motivations, which would be achieved by their participation. End-users' participation in mass housing is quite challenging and critical because they are inaccessible and absent. This paper aims at investigating the interrelationships between end-users' motivational factors and different participatory modes/levels. An overview of theories and concepts on human motivation and different participatory modes/levels results in explaining the degree of readability of different motivations, and the application of various participatory methods in representing these motivations. Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. https://doi.org/10.21834/aje-bs.v2i4.210 Asad Poor, S.J., / Asian Journal of 2(4) Jul /Sep 2017 (p.55-64) 56 This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-ncnd/4.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for EnvironmentBehaviour Studies), Faculty of IntroductionHomemaking depends strongly on congruity of physical attributes of living environment with end-users' motivations, i.e. physiological, psychological, emotional, sentimental, and spiritual demands (Jusan, 2010). According to the concept of personalization, end-users' presence or participation is one of the main prerequisites in providing the congruity (Jusan & Sulaiman, 2005). Hence, participation is a key concept in improving the sense of home.However, end-users' participation in mass housing is a challenging and problematic concept. The main challenge indeed is to develop a suitable participatory approach in mass housing, which is capable of fulfilling the demands for paying attention to end-users' motivations in this housing type. While, the popularity of the products makes the engagement quite critical, the absence and inaccessibility of end-users in decision making detract the possibility of their involvement. The conceptual complexity of the term motivation is also another issue, which intensifies the problem. The popularity is coupled with a high range of financial investment in this housing type because of the existed marketing trends, and the capability of the products in fulfilling the expectations of different groups of house buyers ' and end-users (Meng, 2006; Mc Harg, 1669;Miller, 2007). Therefore, clarifying the association between end-users' motivations and participatory modes/levels would be somehow beneficial in developing a reasonable participatory scenario for mass housing.Accordingly, this paper aims at investigating the applicability of the different participatory modes/levels in various stages of mass housing delivery in representing endusers' motivations. The central assumption here is the degree of readability of individuals' motivations. The conceptual complexity of human moti...

Purpose Regarding the contribution of Australian small-size housing in the enhancement of total energy consumption of the country and the roles of the occupants’ preferences in successful implementation of action plans, the purpose of this study is to identify the Australian occupants’ collaborative image of housing energy efficiency. The two main objectives are, therefore, to address the main energy-related housing physical factors that have the potential in representing the housing image of Australian occupants and to explain the causal factors that make the physical factors critical to their energy efficiency perception. Design/methodology/approach This study has been developed through a qualitative approach. Given that the images encompass a wide range of information expressing human perceptions, an online photo-based qualitative survey was developed based on previous research works. The survey includes respondents’ demographic profiles and the evaluation of images, asking for their perception of overall housing energy efficiency, the impacts of building envelope physical attributes on the energy efficiency of the houses and the reasons behind the selection of different attributes. Findings This study has developed a set of attribute-based factors, explaining occupants’ collective perception of energy efficient small-size housing of Brisbane in the area of exterior aspects of the buildings. Specifically, the collaborative image of small-size housing of Brisbane is about the thermal performance of the buildings provided through passive climatic principles by using more efficient envelope features, e.g. material, colour, transparency, texture, openings, balconies and shadowing devices, while ignoring the impacts of architectural composition principles along neighbourhood quality. The key attributes in assessing the small-housing energy efficiency are ventilation, thermal performance and shadowing. The housing images in old traditional architectural style with rural face, built by stone, brick and concrete in high dense vegetation were evaluated to be more energy efficient than those with modern architecture, built by large glass panel and metal cladding with light or no vegetation. Research limitations/implications The main limitation of the paper is related to the nature of an image-based survey, which leads to ignoring some aspects of real spaces such as odour, temperature and noise. Practical implications This research has the potential for developing a practical methodology for assessing housing-resident fit using computer-based methodology and neural networks. Social implications This research has the potential for developing a methodology, assisting the end users in meeting their desires and motivations by helping them in assessing how a housing unit fits with their expectations and preferences. Originality/value This research provides a reliable conceptual platform for dealing with the complexity of occupants’ housing perceptions. This is achieved by establishing a collective conceptual picture of these environmental perceptions, namely, housing image, which is a platform for transferring abstract data related to human perception into measurable and quantitative scales.

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