Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) was used to estimate biochemical traits in turnip rape seeds. The purpose of the research was to develop graduating models for an IR-analyzer MATRIX-I for determination of oil content and contents of oleic, linoleic, and linolenic fatty acids in oil in unbroken seeds of turnip rape. The research was conducted in the biochemistry laboratory of V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops, Krasnodar. An object of the research was turnip rape seeds cultivated in 2019–2021 in the central zone of the Krasnodar region and in the southern forest-steppe of the Western Siberia. Oil content was determined on a NMR-analyzer AMV 1006М (Russia). Contents of oleic, linoleic, and linolenic fatty acids in oil were calculated by a method of percentage normalization of chromatographic analysis on a gas chromatograph “Chromatek-Kristall 5000” on a capillary column SolGelWax 30 m × 0.25 mm × 0.25 µM with automatic dripper of liquid samples. We obtained the best results on quality of the graduating models (root mean square error of prediction, R determination, and a meaning of a residual deviation of prediction for a rank reflected on a diagram) on determination of oil content (RMSEP = 0.25%, R2 = 98.5, and RPD = 8.2), contents of oleic (RMSEP = 0.59%, R2 = 98.9, and RPD = 9.7), linolic (RMSEP = 0.66%, R2 = 95.4, and RPD = 4.7), and linolenic (RMSEP = 0.37%, R2 = 98.0, and RPD = 7.1) fatty acids. The methodic “Turnip rape 51” for mass studying based on the developed graduating models for determination of oil content, contents of oleic, linoleic, and linolenic fatty acids in unbroken turnip rape seeds for IR-spectrometry in a middle sample (9–20 g) in cuvette with diameter 51 mm was obtained in a program OPUS LAB. This method allows conducting express-estimation of more than 100 samples of turnip rape seeds per an operating shift.

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