A 57-year-old diabetic and hypertensive man presented with a short history of fever, dry cough and right side chest pain. A chest radiograph showed right pleural based homogenous shadow in middle and lower zones with obliteration of right costo-phrenic angle suggestive of right side effusion. Aspiration of pleural fluid revealed frank pus for which inter-costal tube drainage was performed. Due to persistence of empyema, the patient was subjected to thoracoscopy. Thoracoscopy showed multiloculated empyema. Thoracoscopic pleural biopsy and fluid showed septate fungal hyphae. Thoracotomy and parietal pleurectomy, with resection of part of right lower lobe, was carried out. Pleural fluid, pleural and lung tissue culture grew Aspergillus fumigatus. The patient showed good recovery with voriconazole after thoracotomy.

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Mesenchymoma (hamartoma) of the chest wall is an extremely rare tumour presenting in early infancy or fetal life. Pleural, pulmonary, and lymph node metastases developed in a young man with malignant mesenchymoma of the chest wall. The tumour had several characteristics that differ from the mesenchymoma reported from the other parts of the body. (Thorax 1993;48:407-408) Mesenchymoma (hamartoma) of the thoracic wall is a rare entity presenting in infancy or fetal life.l1 Its malignant counterpart is exceedingly rare.5 Mesenchymoma of chest wall, benign or malignant, has not been described in an adult. We report a case of malignant mesenchymoma of the chest wall in a young adult with pulmonary, pleural, and axillary lymph node metastases.