Cyber-physical system (CPS) development tool chains are widely used in the design, simulation, and verification of CPS data-flow models. Commercial CPS tool chains such as MathWorks' Simulink generate artifacts such as code binaries that are widely deployed in embedded systems. Hardening such tool chains by testing is crucial since formally verifying them is currently infeasible. Existing differential testing frameworks such as CyFuzz can not generate models rich in language features, partly because these tool chains do not leverage the available informal Simulink specifications. Furthermore, no study of existing Simulink models is available, which could guide CyFuzz to generate realistic models.To address these shortcomings, we created the first large collection of public Simulink models and used the collected models' properties to guide random model generation. To further guide model generation we systematically collected semi-formal Simulink specifications. In our experiments on several hundred models, the resulting SLforge generator was more effective and efficient than the state-of-the-art tool CyFuzz. SLforge also found 8 new confirmed bugs in Simulink. CCS CONCEPTS• Software and its engineering → Model-driven software engineering; Software testing and debugging; KEYWORDSCyber-physical systems, differential testing, tool chain bugs ACM Reference Format:

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The chapter starts with a focus on the current scenario of the digitalization in agriculture space. It pinpoints the reason behind the need and explains the emergence of new Agtech-based startups that work on new innovative digital technologies. The chapter also tries to discuss the post-COVID implications along with the merits of digitalization in the agricultural domain. Apart from this, it also discusses different aspects of the digitalization on the agriculture space in general that includes the concept of telematics, precision farming, blockchain, artificial intelligence, etc. At last, some of the main challenges like the issue of connectivity, interoperability, portability, and need of public and private sector cooperation were discussed.