No abstract

This article presents the results of an experimental study of co-dependence as a socio-psychological phenomenon. The study is aimed at analyzing the personality characteristics of co-dependent people. A general hypothesis is the assumption that co-dependence as a form of family relationships has a sustainable effect on the personality characteristics of co-dependent people. The main experimental base was the "Codo Amanat" Rehabilitation Center in Astana and the "Senim" Rehabilitation Center in Almaty. The study involved 110 addicts' mothers living in Astana and Almaty. The article describes in detail the course of the study, consisting of three steps, starting with an interview and a diagnostic study. The findings show that co-dependence is quite a stable and common state among addicts' mothers, and its severity affects the characteristics of the family system. Women with a very high degree of co-dependence experience despair, powerlessness and disbelief in their own abilities due to the exhaustion of all means and resources. At the same time, women with a high degree of co-dependence are more alienated from society, vulnerable to criticism and have a pronounced sense of guilt for addicts' family problems.

No abstract

The article is devoted to the analysis of the significance of the fundamental provisions of the activity approach in the study of the mechanisms of assimilation of social experience. The essence of the activity approach is revealed when considering any mental phenomenon and process in its formation and functioning through the prism of the category of activity. The basis of this approach is, of course, the general psychological theory of activity, and the approach itself is an application of this theory to the study and formation of mental processes and properties. The article shows the historical insight into the development of the activity approach and its significance for the process of assimilating the social experience of previous generations, which is possible due to the activity of the exercise, carried out in specially organized conditions. The modern approaches of psychological and pedagogical mechanisms for mastering social experience are considered, as well as from the position of the activity approach, the results of the author's empirical research on the identification of the system of conditions for the successful updating of skills are reflected. Three components of its subsystem (group of conditions) are identified and the content of the main conditions in the composition of each of these groups is investigated: the process of assimilation; storage method; organization of "business" activity, contributing to the actualization of knowledge and skills. A model of science-based knowledge and skills training has been built, the success of which is due to the consideration of the psychological mechanisms of actualization.

This article is devoted to the study of the influence of culture on psychological gender differences. In defining the very concept of "gender", we proceeded from the generally accepted understanding that gender is primarily a social and biological characteristic, thanks to which the whole world is divided into the world of men and women. Consequently, in modern crosscultural psychology, gender is viewed as a complex sociocultural construct that determines differences in roles, behavior, mental and emotional characteristics of men and women. The article presents the basic concepts of gender studies, theories and methods of gender studies in a crosscultural context, and also studies psychological gender differences in different cultures. Also described are the theoretical and methodological aspects of conducting applied gender studies ö D. Matsumoto, J. Berry, G. Triandis, and others, the focus of which is the study of the main attributes of masculinity and femininity. An analysis of the results of these studies allowed J. Berry and his colleagues to conclude that a high degree of agreement on male and female stereotypes proved the effect of psy chological universals that determine gender characteristics. Thus, studying the influence of culture on psychological gender differences gave us the opportunity to formulate the conclusion that any type of culture contributes to the manifestation of certain differences in behavior between men and women, as well as differences related to their role, responsibilities and responsibilities in society, what appears to be true for one culture may not be for another. In this regard, we need to further explore the role that culture plays in creating and maintaining gender and gender differences.