Owing to the development of nanotechnology and its influence in various fields, the development of efficient and environmental friendly technique for the synthesis of nanomaterials is important. Among the various traditional and conventional methods available for the synthesis, plant-mediated synthesis seems to be a very attractive and environmental friendly method, attributing to its simple methodology and eco-friendly approach. The synthesis rate and stability of the nanoparticle synthesised are good when compared to the other methods of synthesis and it is proved to be efficient in various fields of application. Hence, the present review article deals with furnishing information about the plant sources used so far and details about the environmental and biomedical applications of the synthesised nanoparticles. 2 Green synthesis procedure The common procedure that is involved in the green synthesis process of iron and iron-based nanoparticles is given in Fig. 1. 3 Applications of iron and iron-based nanoparticles The iron and iron-based nanoparticles have a wide range of applications such as environmental, biomedical, textiles, health

In the present-day agriculture, weed regulator in the farm lands is a tedious process that needs more money and human effort. There are a number of methods such as manually removing the unwanted plants by using traditional hand tools or by spraying chemical weedicides which will kill the weeds or using some mechanical equipment’s. Of the above-mentioned methods, the mechanical weeding is mostly preferred due to its low operating cost and human effort. Moreover, the efficiency of the mechanical weeding process is high when compared with the other methods. In dry land tapioca farms, it is difficult to remove the unwanted weed plants by using the existing weeding equipment’s. In the tapioca farms, the tubers of tapioca are located only few millimeters below the soil surface. The present -day weeding equipment’s remove the weed plants by digging the soil surface and it is not favoured because the process will cause damage to the tubers. The use of chemical weedicides is not preferred due to the hazardous nature of the chemicals. The manual weeding process is also not preferred because of the high labour cost. So, in this project A mechanical equipment for carrying out the weeding process in the tapioca farms is designed and fabricated in a way such that it will not cause any damage to the crops. The weeder will only remove the unwanted weed crops in the farm. Apart from the weeding operation, the weeder can make the soil surface loose which will increase the porosity of the soil. Hence the water percolation will be more and the moisture content of the soil can also be maintained. Thus, the weeder will reduce the costs involved in the maintenance of the tapioca farm lands. It will also reduce the human effort involved in the weeding process

Problem statement: Effective Topology control will improve the performance and the capacity of Mobile Ad-hoc networks by building reliable network structure. Approach: Power level is used as the basis for topology control since it reduces spatial interference while increasing the effective channel capacity and network lifetime. Results: In this study, we design a topology control using efficient power management algorithm using clustering. In this study, initially the cluster-head is selected based on the factors power level, stability and connectivity. Then, the connectivity of each node of the cluster with the cluster-head is checked. If the connectivity is less than a minimum connectivity threshold, then it is increased by increasing the power level. If the connectivity is higher than a maximum threshold, then the cluster-head reduces its power level. Conclusion/Recommendations: By simulation results, we show that the proposed topology control algorithm outperforms existing topology control algorithms in terms of by increased node life time and reduced power consumption.

In the present-day agriculture, weed regulator in the farm lands is a tedious process that needs more money and human effort. There are a number of methods such as manually removing the unwanted plants by using traditional hand tools or by spraying chemical weedicides which will kill the weeds or using some mechanical equipment's. Of the above-mentioned methods, the mechanical weeding is mostly preferred due to its low operating cost and human effort. Moreover, the efficiency of the mechanical weeding process is high when compared with the other methods. In dry land tapioca farms, it is difficult to remove the unwanted weed plants by using the existing weeding equipment's. In the tapioca farms, the tubers of tapioca are located only few millimeters below the soil surface. The present -day weeding equipment's remove the weed plants by digging the soil surface and it is not favoured because the process will cause damage to the tubers. The use of chemical weedicides is not preferred due to the hazardous nature of the chemicals. The manual weeding process is also not preferred because of the high labour cost. So, in this project A mechanical equipment for carrying out the weeding process in the tapioca farms is designed and fabricated in a way such that it will not cause any damage to the crops. The weeder will only remove the unwanted weed crops in the farm. Apart from the weeding operation, the weeder can make the soil surface loose which will increase the porosity of the soil. Hence the water percolation will be more and the moisture content of the soil can also be maintained. Thus, the weeder will reduce the costs involved in the maintenance of the tapioca farm lands. It will also reduce the human effort involved in the weeding process.