This study aimed to analyze the effect of milk fermented with Lactobacillus curvatus SMFM2016-NK on periodontal diseases and gut health in a rat model. To improve the effect of Lb. curvatus SMFM2016-NK-fermented milk administration for relieving periodontitis, the periodontitis rat models were treated with the following for 4 wk: 10% skim milk (normal), periodontitis + 10% skim milk (negative control), periodontitis + Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG-fermented milk (positive control), and periodontitis + Lb. curvatus SMFM2016-NK-fermented milk (PD+LCFM). Transcriptional analysis of inflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10] was performed via quantitative reverse-transcription PCR. The changes in the oral and gut microbiomes after administering Lb. curvatus SMFM2016-NK-fermented milk were analyzed with metagenomics sequencing using DNA extracted from the oral gingival tissues and feces from the cecum of the rat models. After treatment with Lb. curvatus SMFM2016-NK-fermented milk, the relative gene expression levels of TNFA and IL1B in the gingiva decreased in the PD+LCFM group compared with those in the negative control group. In the oral microbiome, the proportion of the phylum Proteobacteria in the PD+LCFM group was lower than that in the negative control after treatment with Lb. curvatus SMFM2016-NK-fermented milk. For the effect in the gut, the relative gene expression levels of inflammatory cytokines in the colon between the normal and negative control groups were not different; however, the expres-sion levels of TNFA and IL1B in the PD+LCFM and positive control groups, respectively, were lower than those in the negative control group. The composition and diversity of the gut microbiome differed among normal, periodontitis, and Lb. curvatus SMFM2016-NK-fermented milk treatment groups. These results indicate that Lb. curvatus SMFM2016-NK-fermented milk could alleviate periodontal and gut inflammation and change oral and gut microbiota.

This study investigated the occurrence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in seafood distribution channels, and the incidence of pathogenic and antibiotic‐resistant strains. One hundred sixty‐seven samples (126 fishery samples and 41 environmental samples) were collected from fishery auction markets, fish markets and online markets in S. Korea from March to September, 2017. The samples were enriched in polymyxin broth and plated on CHROM agar Vibrio to isolate typical colonies. These were analysed by PCR to identify V. parahaemolyticus strains containing the hns gene and to examine the presence of pathogenic genes (tdh and trh). The isolates were screened for antibiotic susceptibility (amoxycillin/clavulanic acid, ampicillin (AMP), ampicillin/sulbactam, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, gentamicin and tetracycline). Twenty‐eight samples (16·8%) were V. parahaemolyticus‐positive, and from the positive samples, three isolates (SMFM201708‐OY1, SMFM201709‐CO2‐2 and SMFM201709‐CO1‐2) were pathogenic which contained thermostable direct haemolysin or thermostable direct‐related haemolysin. These are the virulence factors associated with gastrointestinal symptoms. These three isolates were also resistant to AMP. These results indicate that there is high incidence of V. parahaemolyticus in seafood distribution channels, and three of the isolates were pathogenic, and the pathogenic strains showed AMP resistance. Therefore, food safety measures are necessary in a seafood distribution channel. Significance and Impact of the Study This study provides evidence for the incidence of pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus in seafood distribution channels, especially for a fishery auction market, which showed the highest contamination and is a first place for a seafood distribution channel. Thus, V. parahaemolyticus in a fishery auction market may be cross‐contaminated during distribution, underlying the need of food safety regulation to control this pathogen in fishery auction market. Therefore, food safety regulation for fishery auction market should be established to control V. parahaemolyticus.

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Advances in technology for multimedia services have led to a tremendous growth of video contents and accelerated the need to analyze and understand video content. An analysis of sports video, for example, has been a hot research area to identify a number of potential items: player and ball. For the efforts, this paper shows a Cognitive TV framework for the semantic region of interests in sport video service. The framework will issue two contributions in the short classification and object trajectory for the area of sport video. For the contributions, this paper suggests the semantic region of interests (SROI) based on Motion Vector Space (MVF) to analyze sports video. The SROI distinguishes the shot classes that are located in the motion vector space and detects the key objects, like the player and ball in the playing field, using Cognitive lattice algorithm.