Background: A herbal medicinal product (HMP) with centaury, lovage, and rosemary as active ingredients (brand name: Canephron® N) has been widely used for treatment and prevention of urinary tract infections (UTIs) and other urinary system disorders. Non-clinical in vitro and in vivo data indicate its diuretic, spasmolytic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative and analgesic effects. The purpose of this non-interventional, prospective, multicenter study was to collect data on the use of the HMP in the Russian pediatric outpatient population. Results: In total, 636 outpatients aged 1-17 years were enrolled. Of these, 634 received at least one dose of the HMP and were included in the safety set, which was used for analysis. 61 patients were 12-23 months, 227 were 2-5 years, 234 were 6-11 years and 112 were 12-17 years of age. The oral solution of the HMP was prescribed in 66.4%, and tablets (dragées) in 33.6% of the patients. For 48% of the patients the HMP was prescribed to treat an acute or chronic disease, 25% of the patients received it for prophylaxis, and 27% for both. More than half of the patients (53%) received the HMP as monotherapy. Main treatment indications were UTIs (34.1%) and pyelonephritis (30.0%). The proportion of UTIs was the highest within the youngest age group (51%), while the proportion of different cystitis forms increased in patients older than 2 years. Relevant proportions of different nephritis forms and urolithiasis were only observed in patients aged 12-17 years. Forms of cystitis were more frequent in female than in male patients (15% vs. 1%), while forms of nephritis, urolithiasis, and dysmetabolic nephropathy / crystalluria were more frequent in male patients. At the end of the observational period, 20% of the patients were reported as recovered from their disease, and 65% were reported to show improvements. For 91% of all patients with HMP monotherapy the investigators evaluated the effectiveness of the HMP as 'good' or 'very good'. Nearly all patients (99%) evaluated the tolerability as 'good'or 'very good'. Five adverse drug reactions were observed. Conclusions: The treatment of children aged 1-17 years with the HMP is safe and well tolerated. The study results support the use of the HMP for treatment and prophylaxis of urinary system diseases.

Морозов Сергей Леонидович -к.м.н., ст. науч. сотр. отдела наследственных и приобретенных болезней почек им. профессора М.С. Игнатовой Научно-исследовательского клинического института педиатрии им. академика Ю.

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Space community is the sixth in succession socio-politic paradigm of the civilization. There are two polar opposite views on space ideology: geocentric and cosmocentric. The challenge is to look from space at Earth as at one of civilization's numerous spacecrafts and to perceive it as an ordinary part of space nature. It is 88 constellations and not gods of Ancient Egypt, Greece and Rome that will become orienting points for cosmonauts-astronauts. There are no earth tops and bottoms, days and nights, no seasons, equinoxes, solstices, months varying length and no moon phases in space. Space community's spacecrafts will be absolutely independent of Earth's industrial potential as well as of Earth itself as the community's life-spring and the cradle of civilization. The sixth socioeconomic paradigm is cosmocentric and astrocentric. This makes it different from the five previous paradigms which were geocentric: primitive communal, slave-owning, feudal, capitalist and socialist. Five basic ideas of space expansion are stated in the article.

Purpose. To determine the clinical and laboratory features of the course of acute pyelonephritis in children with a history of COVID-19 and to determine the risk of developing chronic kidney disease.Material and methods. The main cohort consisted of 36 patients with the debut of acute pyelonephritis, who had previously suffered COVID-19, the average age was 7,5 years. The comparison group included 47 patients with the onset of acute pyelonephritis and a normal level of IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2, the average age was 7,0 years. Laboratory tests included full blood count and urinalysis, blood biochemistry, procalcitonin, urine microalbumin, urine creatinine, Zimnitsky urine test, bacteriological urine test, glomerular filtration rate, coagulogram, and Lipocalin-2 associated with neutrophil gelatinase (NGAL) in the urine.Results. Patients with a history of COVID-19, at the onset of acute pyelonephritis, demonstrated a higher incidence of apostematous pyelonephritis, a higher degree of damage to the tubulointerstitial kidney tissue, a high frequency and a higher level of hematuria, proteinuria, hyperfiltration, hypostenuria, as well as a more significant increase in fibrinogen, CRP, procalcitonin, and uNGAL/Cr levels than children of the comparison group. It was shown that almost half of the children with acute pyelonephritis who had had COVID-19 retained urinary syndrome during examination 3–4 months after the onset of the disease.Conclusion. Thus, long-term effects of the SARS-CoV-2 virus on the renal parenchyma were confirmed, even in asymptomatic children. The high level of uNGAL/Cr in children with acute pyelonephritis who had had COVID-19, which was almost 8 times higher than in the comparison group, reflects more pronounced damage to the tubulointerstitial kidney tissue. The risk of developing chronic kidney disease in this group was 3,5 times higher.