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The issues of cyber physical systems modeling are considered. The criteria of information and energy efficiency for cyber physical systems as the main object of innovation are proposed. The creation of cyber physical systems is proposed to be considered within the framework of structured problem areas and related tasks of disclosing uncertainty when creating innovations. Structures of problem areas, including databases and knowledge bases, determine the possibility of composition and decomposition of cyber physical systems. It is proposed to use models of thermodynamic and informational entropy to formulate goals and evaluate the properties of cyber physical systems. The use of informational entropy is obvious, the use of thermodynamic entropy and energy efficiency estimates are determined by global problems and trends in innovation. These include, inter alia, the transition from energy-intensive technologies and industries to high-tech. The issues of the relationship of thermodynamic and informational entropy are considered. The transition to the presentation of the life cycle of cyber physical systems at the levels of the problem domain and the further transition to the end-to-end digital life cycle are proposed to be performed by decomposing the goal and applying system and process models.

The article describes the processes of transformation of the basic structures of technical systems into cyber-physical systems based on the introduction of innovations. A distinctive feature of cyber-physical systems is the direct penetration of methods and means of cybernetics into controlled physical processes in order to intellectualize the system and minimize the influence of the “human factor”. The introduction of innovations occurs in conditions of insufficient information and is always associated with different types of uncertainty. Uncertainty disclosures are based on probabilistic models, fuzzy sets or using knowledge bases. The phased introduction of innovations allows for the reasonable allocation of resources. Basic structures are fundamental technological innovations, represented by functionally necessary and functionally sufficient structures of systems that control physical processes. The article describes the processes of transformation of the basic structures of systems into cyber-physical systems used in various physical environments - solid, liquid and gaseous. As examples, the automatic assembly line of printed circuit boards, the locating system for monitoring thermal networks by the method of monitoring insulation dampening, the system of catalytic neutralization of vehicle exhaust gases are considered. In these examples, the objects of activity are primary physical processes. An in-depth study of primary physical processes made it possible to obtain new informational possibilities for analyzing, interpreting and regulating the key parameters of the above systems based on computing resources.

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