Progress of nanotechnology development regulates the production of substance in nanosized form, including metal nanoparticles. Therefore, they can enter agricultural land in different ways. Consequently, their further role in agrocenosis is the prerogative of modern research. So, the main issue today remains the possibility of destruction of nanotechnology products at the expense of both edaphic factors and metabolic products of plants and microorganisms to avoid their accumulation in agrophytocenoses. This article presents a review, mostly of foreign literature, to systematize knowledge of degradation pathways, mechanisms of nanoparticle penetration into the cell, their subsequent transport through tissues, and the interaction of metal nanoparticles with the environment in agrobiocenoses.
Physicochemical properties of metal nanoparticles (for example, size, charge, shape, coating) and soil properties (for example, pH, mineral composition, presence of organic acids, etc.) play an important role in elucidating the issues of decomposition, transport, mobility and interaction of nano-containing preparations with soil components .
The main role in the formation of most morphological features of metal nanoparticles, which are the basis of nano-containing preparations, played by the method of nanoparticle synthesis. Among many existing ones, in particular, transformation in plasma by evaporation, deposition of powders from solutions on a substrate, gas-phase synthesis, and others, the electrospark dispersion method was released as the most modern and progressive, since for detailed analysis we can perfectly reproduce the synthesis process of nano-containing solutions, by this method.
With the help of our own method of synthesis, by adjusting the parameters of nano-containing preparations, it is possible to predict and avoid the potential risks of using nano-containing preparations of metals in phytocenosis.
Therefore, the main goal of this review is to evaluate the potential of metal nanoparticles for degradation, to describe the prerequisites for biodegradation and to note the main possibilities of using such properties in the agro-industrial complex.
