Optimization of process parameters for synthesis of 2, 4,6,8,10,4,6,8,10, of desired particle size have been described. CL-20, the most powerful high explosive, is being synthesized at the High Energy Materials Research Laboratory (HEMRL, Pune, India) by nitration of 2,6,8,4,6,8,10,. Nitration of TAIW is a mild exothermic reaction. Although information on synthesis of CL-20 is reported, no information is available on process optimization. In order to optimize the process parameters for synthesis of CL-20 to obtain higher yield and purity, a study was carried out with variation of different parametric conditions like temperature, time, concentration of nitric acid, mole ratio of reactants, quantity of solvent=anti-solvent, etc. The effect of each parameter was studied by keeping other parameters constant. In the present study it was found that for $85% yield, optimized temperature envelope was 72-85 C, nitric acid concentration range from 98 to 92%, reaction time was 1 h, and temperature during the addition of TAIW into the mixed acid was 25-40 C. In order to improve the particle size of CL-20, during the recrystallization process, the effect of parameters like addition rate of anti-solvent and rate of agitation were studied and

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A thermally stable, insensitive, high-explosive 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB) is manufactured by amination of 1,3,5-trichloro-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene in toluene with NH3 gas. An orange–red, sensitive impurity, 1,3,5-triamino-2-chloro-4,6-dinitrobenzene (TACDNB), was found forming with product TATB in the pilot-plant process. This impurity was isolated and characterized by single-crystal XRD, NMR, FTIR, DSC, and sensitivity test. The chemical reactivity of this impurity with aqueous sodium hydroxide solution was also studied. The process anomalies which led to the formation of this impurity with product TATB were investigated. This TACDNB impurity was formed due to amination of 1,3,5,6-tetrachloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (T4) when excess NH3 gas was fed into the reactor.