Saliva samples of seventeen soccer players were analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance before and after an official match. Two different ways of normalizing data are discussed, using total proteins and total metabolite concentrations. Changes in markers related to energy, hydration status, amino acids and other compounds were found. The limits and advantages of using saliva to define the systemic responses to exercise are examined, both in terms of data normalization and interpretation, and the time that the effect lasts in this biofluid, which is shorter to that commonly observed in blood. The heterogeneous nature and different timing of the exercise developed by players also plays an important role in the metabolic changes that can be measured. Our work focuses mainly on three different aspects: The effect that time sampling has on the observed effect, the type of normalization that is necessary to perform in order to cope with changes in water content, and the metabolic response that can be observed using saliva.

ObjectiveBalloon-induced transient coronary ischaemia represents a model of myocardial ischaemia and reperfusion. We are interested in the very early systemic metabolic response to this event.MethodsBlood samples of patients with stable angina (SA) were collected before and after coronary angioplasty. Serum metabolic profiles were obtained using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to investigate changes in metabolite concentrations.ResultsThirty-four consecutive patients with SA, undergoing elective coronary angioplasty at Policlinico Umberto I of Rome, were included in this study. Changes in metabolites concentration induced by balloon occlusion in venous and arterial sera were detected. In both serum types, a significant increase in ketone bodies, 2-hydroxybutyrate, glutamine and O-acetylcarnitine concentration is observed, while alanine, lactate, phenylalanine and tyrosine decreased after intervention. Most significant metabolic changes were detected in arterial serum.ConclusionsOur study points out two main global metabolic changes in peripheral blood after balloon-induced coronary ischaemia: ketone bodies increase and lactate decrease. Both could be related to compensation mechanisms finalised to fulfil heart’s needs after short period of myocardial ischaemia and probably after reperfusion.

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<p>In the current study completed in the Facility for Research on Aerospace Materials and Engineered Structures (FRAMES), the feasibility of implementing generative design as a means of optimizing advanced aerial drone structures was explored. By conducting relevant literature review, theoretical investigations, and experimentation, generative design demonstrated its efficacy as a design tool for various engineering structure applications. Generative design uses a series of artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms to compute various potential geometries for optimized load distribution; it is a powerful tool that provides fast and efficient topology optimized structures. This paper offers insight on the intricacies of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) design and discusses the various complications and advantages of using various drone geometries, manufacturing techniques, and materials. The interdependencies between geometry, manufacturing method, and material are also discussed. As such, the optimal frame type, manufacturing method, and material for optimized drone frame designs was found to be square-type, 3D-printing (MEX/FFF), and PEEK respectively. A generatively designed drone frame was created in Fusion 360 and analyzed using its own finite element analysis (FEA) capabilities; later, physical prototyping and testing verified the results gathered from FEA. This study attempts to re-introduce the feasibility and applicability of generative design in a sophisticated manner with the intention of closing gaps in novel research of drone frame optimization.</p>

<p>In the current study completed in the Facility for Research on Aerospace Materials and Engineered Structures (FRAMES), the feasibility of implementing generative design as a means of optimizing advanced aerial drone structures was explored. By conducting relevant literature review, theoretical investigations, and experimentation, generative design demonstrated its efficacy as a design tool for various engineering structure applications. Generative design uses a series of artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms to compute various potential geometries for optimized load distribution; it is a powerful tool that provides fast and efficient topology optimized structures. This paper offers insight on the intricacies of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) design and discusses the various complications and advantages of using various drone geometries, manufacturing techniques, and materials. The interdependencies between geometry, manufacturing method, and material are also discussed. As such, the optimal frame type, manufacturing method, and material for optimized drone frame designs was found to be square-type, 3D-printing (MEX/FFF), and PEEK respectively. A generatively designed drone frame was created in Fusion 360 and analyzed using its own finite element analysis (FEA) capabilities; later, physical prototyping and testing verified the results gathered from FEA. This study attempts to re-introduce the feasibility and applicability of generative design in a sophisticated manner with the intention of closing gaps in novel research of drone frame optimization.</p>