In this work we present new results on the convergence of diagonal sequences of certain mixed type Hermite-Padé approximants of a Nikishin system. The study is motivated by a mixed Hermite-Padé approximation scheme used in the construction of solutions of a Degasperis-Procesi peakon problem and germane to the analysis of the inverse spectral problem for the discrete cubic string.

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Padé approximation has two natural extensions to vector rational approximation through the so called type I and type II Hermite-Padé approximants. The convergence properties of type II Hermite-Padé approximants have been studied. For such approximants Markov and Stieltjes type theorems are available. To the present, such results have not been obtained for type I approximants. In this paper, we provide Markov and Stieltjes type theorems on the convergence of type I Hermite-Padé approximants for Nikishin systems of functions.

We study the convergence of sequences of type I and type II Hermite-Padé approximants for certain systems of meromorphic functions made up of rational modifications of Nikishin systems of functions.

We consider sequences of biorthogonal polynomials with respect to a Cauchy type convolution kernel and give the weak and ratio asymptotic of the corresponding sequences of biorthogonal polynomials. The construction is intimately related with a mixed type Hermite-Padé approximation problem whose asymptotic properties is also revealed.