The American College of Clinical Pharmacy (ACCP) 2011 publication “Tenets for Developing Quality Measures for Ambulatory Clinical Pharmacy Services” describes comprehensive, accountable, feasible, scientifically sound, and usable quality metrics for ambulatory care (AC) practice. ACCP endorsed the definition of comprehensive medication management (CMM) in 2014 and has since advocated consistent implementation of CMM in patient‐centered, team‐based care. Given the decade of changes and advances in AC practice since the 2011 publication, the 2020 ACCP Publications Committee has developed the present white paper to update quality metrics and provide performance indicators with proposed guidance for CMM in AC practice.
Objective: To describe an active, structured ethics/professionalism discussion format developed for an elective course titled Ethics and Professionalism in Pharmacy. Design: The format uses the acronym ETHICS (Evaluate, Teach, Hear, Interview, Concede, Selfreflect). Before class, students evaluated (Evaluate) literature pertaining to ethics/professionalism topics. Class consisted of faculty-led ethics/professionalism lecture (Teach), student-driven, case discussion, and online self-reflection. Guided by Hear, Interview, and Concede, groups addressed cases from stakeholder perspectives (patient, pharmacist, etc.) considering ethical rules and principles. At the end of class, students answered self-reflection questions. Precourse and postcourse surveys evaluated the impact on students' perceptions of ethical and professional tenets. Assessment: The format allowed students to actively engage in ethics/professionalism discussions, transforming class into an interactive, structured, student-centered session with self-reflection. Conclusion: The format allowed application of concepts to controversial situations. Although the format was created for a pharmacy elective, it is adaptable to any teaching situation.
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