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The article presents current information on the pathogenetic role of lipid metabolism disorders and the value of lipotoxicity in renal pathology, contributing to the progression of nephropathy. The detected increase in cholesterol level, TAG, LDL, decrease in plasma HDL concentration in chronic kidney disease (CKD) is accompanied by significant changes in the composition of various lipoproteins caused by changes in the expression and activity of key proteins and enzymes involved in the biosynthesis, transport, remodeling and catabolism of lipids and lipoproteins. It has been proven that dyslipidemia in CKD affects the morphological and functional state of the kidneys, contributing to the development of renal lipotoxicity processes, affecting the structural and functional state of the kidneys, initiating oxidative stress, systemic inflammation, vascular damage, and dysregulation. To date, research on the significance of dyslipidemia as a pathogenetic factor in the formation of chronic kidney disease remains insufficiently studied. Dysregulation of lipid metabolism, leading to dyslipidemia, is often an undervalued complication of CKD.