It has been established that the influence of surface-active agents (SAAs) on the extraction of essential oils (EOs ) is connected with a fall in the surface tension of water, which facilitates the process of steeping, wetting, and swelling of plant raw material and also the solubilization of the EOs in micellar solutions of SAAs.The main method of isolating essential oils (EOs) from plant raw materials is steam distillation. In view of this, it is necessary to develop scientific principles of regulation of the processes at the phase-separation boundaries of dispersions of medicinal plants and solvents. Nontraditional methods based on the use of liquefied gases [1, 2], wide-range frequency vibrations, electric and magnetic fields, impulses, etc. [3, 4] are being used to solve this problem. In the present paper we give results on the possibility regulating the properties of the surface of a dispersion of plant origin and the structure of a solvent (water) with the aid of additions of surface-active agents (SAAs) in order to intensify the extraction of EOs. where AX is the displacement of the meniscus in a calibrated capillary; D is the diameter of the calibrated capillary (1.18--2.28 ram); D o = 37 mm is the diameter of the tube into which the sample powder was charged; and n is the porosity of the raw material.It can be seen that with a rise in the concentration of the SAA the depth of penetration of the raw material increased.A. Sultanov

547.915;615.322.616 Rhodiola Semenovii (Rgl. et Herd.) Boriss. (Semenov rhodiola) (Crassulaceae) is used in folk medicine for gastrointestinal diseases and tuberculosis. However, its chemical composition is little studied [1].Mumiyo is a natural product and is also used in medicinal preparations [2]. The goal of our work was to isolate and study the composition of fatty acids in aqueous extracts of Rhodiola roots, mumiyo, and a substance prepared from them. Aqueous extracts were obtained by boiling Rhodiola roots and mumiyo [3]. The fatty-acid composition of the aqueous extract of Rhodiola roots has not been reported.Lipids from the air-dried extracts were extracted three times by CHCl 3 :CH 3 OH (2:1), stirring each time on a magnetic stirrer for 1 h. Then, lipid extracts were combined and washed of nonlipid components using aqueous CaCl 2 (0.04%). The CHCl 3 was removed. The total lipids were hydrolyzed by KOH in CH 3 OH (10%) with refluxing on a boiling water bath. The reaction mixture was cooled and treated with distilled water (10-15 mL) and H 2 SO 4 solution (10%) until the reaction mixture was acidic. The released fatty acids were extracted three times with diethylether. The ether was distilled off. The fatty acids were converted to the methyl esters using diazomethane [4].The total fatty-acid methyl esters were purified of ballast substances by TLC on silica gel using hexane:ether (8:2). The methyl-ester band (R f 0.85) was collected and eluted from the silica gel using CHCl 3 . The solvent was removed. The yields of methyl esters from the studied specimens were as follows (mass %): extract of R. Semenovii root, 0.55; mumiyo, 0.75; substance, 0.72.Next the methyl esters were dissolved in hexane (0.1 mL) and chromatographed in a Chrom-5 instrument with a flameionization detector using a steel column (2.5 m) of internal diameter 4 mm packed with Reoplex 400 (15%) on Inerton N-AW at 194°C and vaporizer temperature 260°C. The carrier gas was N 2 and H 2 at 30 mL/min. Table 1 lists the fatty-acid composition of the substance and its components. TABLE 1. Fatty-Acid Composition of Extracts, mass % Acid Rhodiola Mumiyo Substance Caprylic (8:0) Caprinic (10:0) Lauric (12:0) Tridecanoic (13:0) Myristic (14:0) Pentadecanoic (15:0) Palmitic (16:0) Palmitoleic (16:1) Margaric (17:0) Steric (18:0) Oleic (18:1) Linoleic (18:2) Linolenic (18:3) Arachic (20:0) Σ sat.

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3,16,18-тригидрок-си-9,13-эпоксилабдан-15- & Pharmacology V. 4 № 6, 2016 DOI: 10.19163/2307-9266-2016 лекарственной формы лагодена.

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