Children abandoned to institutions display a host of developmental delays, including those involving general cognition and language. The majority of published studies focus on children over 3 years of age; little is known about whether these delays may be detected earlier when children undergo rapid lexical development. To investigate the early language development of children raised in institutional settings in the Russian Federation, we compared a group of children in institutional care (n = 36; 8-35 months) to their agematched peers raised in biological families, who have never been institutionalized (n = 72) using the Russian version of the CDI. The results suggest that institutionalization is associated with pronounced delays in children's early language development with large and robust effect sizes. Among children with a history of institutionalization, these delays are also associated with difficulties in Daily Living skills, communication, and socialization.
Statement of contributionWhat is already known on this subject? Children with a history of institutional care lag behind peers on language development Most of the previous data were derived from samples of international adoptees; Earlier studies were conducted with children aged 30 months and older; and Participants primarily were children who left institutions.
Статья посвящена словообразовательным инновациям русских детей дошкольного возраста от двух до 6 лет. Детские инновации рассматриваются как разрешенные языковой системой, но отсутствующие в узусе образования, заполняющие абсолютные и относительные лакуны, имеющиеся в языке. Словообразовательные инновации, закрывающие относительные лакуны, сравниваются с их имеющимися в узусе коррелятами, выясняется, что детские деривативы являются гораздо более прозрачными в морфологическом аспекте, т.е. производящее и производное слово (дериватив) не различаются ни местом ударения, ни чередованием фонем. Это свидетельствует о том, что дети конструируют слова, опираясь на самые общие, прототипические правила. Именно по этой причине инновации ребенка (не только словообразовательные, но и словоизменительные, тоже отличающиеся максимальной прозрачностью) являются ценным для лингвистических исследований материалом, помогающим обнаружить иерархическую структуру процедурных правил. Отдельно рассматриваются случаи заполнения детьми абсолютных лакун, которые индивидуальны и зависят от многих обстоятельств как субъективного, так и объективного характера.
The difference between children’s and adults’ speech consists in unusual lexemes or forms of familiar words as well as non-standard meanings of common words occurring in the former. The term error is not appropriate for such cases since these are legitimate elements of the child’s emerging language system. Despite their uniqueness, they do not hinder children’s communication with grown-ups. These units violating the linguistic norm are called innovations. The analysis of children’s innovations enables linguists to explore the nature of language rules and their hierarchical structure as well as to identify accidental gaps (or lacunae) in the language. The article presents a typology of children’s speech innovations from the standpoint of the language norm.
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