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The GSM, CDMA cellular systems are most trendy 2G and 3G digital cellular telecommunications systems, which is widely used throughout the world. These systems have many advantages such as high security, higher quality of call transmission over the long distances, low transmitted power, and enhanced capacity with more efficient utilization of the frequency spectrum. With these advantages these cellular systems have attracted more subscribers with more attention in the field of mobile communications. One of the most attractive features of cellular system is handoff which is a continuation of an active call when the mobile is moving from one cell to another without disconnecting the call. Usually, continuous service is achieved by efficiently designed handoff algorithms. So, efficient handoff algorithms are necessary for enhancing the capacity and QoS of cellular system. In this paper, the handoff analysis for GSM, CDMA cellular networks are done under various propagation models. Various handoff algorithms of GSM are described and also a novel received signal strength (R SS ) based GSM handoff algorithm with adaptive hysteresis is analyzed. CDMA Soft handoff algorithm is analyzed and effective soft handoff parameters are estimated for better performance. The Comparison of handoff algorithms is studied based on results. Keyword:CDMA GSM Hard handoff R SS Soft handoff

In the era of Internet of Things, the information will be exchanged without the intervention of human. The manual systems are transforming into smart systems with the incorporation of IoT. The remote superintendence of electrical devices and sensors in the home environment with the employment of the internet is called as home automation. The electrical devices like bulb, fan and the sensors like temperature sensor, gas sensor, flame sensor, PIR sensor, current sensor are monitored and controlled by the user remotely with the employment of IoT technology. The implemented system, has both the transmitter and receiver section. In the transmitter section the information from room 1 and room 2 will be gathered at the central server. The Arduino Uno and ESP8266 plays a significant role in the transmitter section. The Raspberry Pi central server facilitates the gathered information to the user in a Graphical user interface.

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