This paper evaluates the validity of the foundational ethical conception of Justice and its contesting contradictory conception, Utilitarianism in framing the institutional structure of a nation. Thereby the paper asserts the importance of Justice and certain virtues to a nation’s rise and fall and observes greatest impediment of Justice in the idea of Utilitarianism. While Utilitarianism advances its own conception of Justice, based on critical-theoretical approach the article advances three-fold arguments in order to reprove Utilitarianism of its claim. Utilitarianism is not a viable form of Justice since the theory represents a form of egoism, is structurally inconsistent to sound ethical doctrine, and because it has dissolved the end and means dichotomy.

The paper explores crucial but often neglected aspects that contribute to the causes of war. While just war requires just causes and just practices in warfare and for that reason asserts the importance of right intention, the paper observes not only the neglect of this criterion but also the predomination of wrong intention like hatred, fear, greed, and lust in the ethics of warfare. The paper's engagement with the subversive side of human nature affirms an intricate link between human nature and war. It does so by examining the infiltration of the internal orientation in the writings of Thomas Hobbes, Aron Ralby, Sigmund Freud, St. Augustine, and Edmund Husserl. Crises in internal orientation thus inadvertently contribute to the causes of war.