<p>Foi avaliado o perfil hematológico de bezerros da raça Holandesa durante o primeiro mês de vida. Foram colhidas 208 amostras de sangue total de 26 bezerras(os) do nascimento aos trinta dias de vida. Os valores hematológicos foram determinados por sistema automatizado associado à contagem diferencial dos leucócitos por metodologia manual. Foram detectadas variações nos componentes do hemograma do nascimento aos 30 dias de vida, exceto para os teores de hemoglobina (Hb) e concentração hemoglobínica corpuscular média (CHCM). Os maiores valores do hematócrito, volume corpuscular médio (VCM) e hemoglobina corpuscular média (HCM) foram observados ao nascimento, com decréscimo nos momentos subsequentes. Nos primeiros dias de vida foi observada leucocitose por neutrofilia e eosinopenia e com o avançar da idade houve aumento gradativo dos linfócitos. Com base nos resultados obtidos pode-se concluir que a adaptação dos bezerros no período pós-neonatal foi caracterizada por variações nos componentes do hemograma, observando-se hemoconcentração e padrão leucocitário compatível com resposta aos glicocorticoides até o 4º dia de vida, responsável pela relação neutrófilo-linfócito &gt; 1,0 ao nascimento.</p>

The aim of this research was to evaluate the influence of maternal cells from colostrum on the development and function of the innate immune response in Holstein calves. Calves were divided into 2 groups: COL+ (n=10) received fresh colostrum; and COL- (n=10) which received frozen colostrum containing no viable cells. The calves were assessed before colostrum intake (D0), 48h of age (D2), and weekly from D7 up to D28. Blood samples were collected for analysis of the distribution of leukocytes, cellular phenotype and in vitro granulocyte function. COL+ calves tended to have a high number of neutrophils on D7 (p=0.073). COL- calves took up significantly more Escherichia coli (measured as MFI) on D7 (p=0.034). Endogenous production of radicals (as percentage of cells) tended to be higher in COL- calves on D14 (p=0.061). The intensity of endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by granulocytes tended to be higher in COL+ calves on D21 (p=0.094). Overall, ROS production (percent of cells, and MFI) induced by Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were higher in COL+ calves than COL- calves. It was our observation that COL+ calves developed an innate immune response more quickly and efficiently after natural exposure to pathogens after birth. In contrast, COL- calves mounted an innate response more slowly that yielded a persistent inflammatory response after natural exposure to these bacteria agents. This research provides evidence of an advantage to the calf of receiving fresh colostrum on the development and function of the innate immune system.

The objective of this research was to evaluate the influence of cells from colostrum on the health of neonate calves. Animals were distributed in 2 groups: COL+ (n=9) which received fresh colostrum from their own damns; and COL- (n=10) which received frozen colostrums from donors. Heifers were assessed before colostrum intake - D0; D2; D7; D14; D21 and D28. Heifers were monitored by clinical examination, hematological profile and serum iron. COL- had a higher diarrhea intensity score (typically 3) on D7. Moreover, a single case each of bronchopneumonia and navel inflammation were observed in COL- calves. COL- had fewer red blood cells (RBC) (6.5±0.8×10/μL) and less hemoglobin (Hgb) (8.3±1.4g/dL) than COL+ (RBC=7.2±0.8×10/μL; Hgb=9.6±1.3g/dL) at D14 (P≤0.05). COL- had more anemia on D21 (P=0.03) and on D28 (P=0.02). Iron was lower in COL- (5.6±2.7μM/L) than COL+ (10.7±6.2μM/L) (P=0.03) on D7. Lymphocytes was lower in COL- than COL+ on D7 (3.8±1.0×10/μL COL+ and 5.4±2.2×10/μL COL-, P=0.02). COL- calves had more anemia and lower serum iron concomitant with diarrhea on D7. The number of leukocytes was relatively consistent in the COL+ calves, while COL- calves showed an increasing number of of lymphocytes starting on D7.

Conclusion:There is an increased risk of venous thrombosis in patients with cancer. The risk is greatest in the first few months after diagnosis and in the presence of distal metastasis. Patients also with Factor V Leiden and prothrombin 20210A mutations have even higher risk.Summary: This is a report of the Multiple Environmental and Genetic Assessment (MEGA) of Risk Factors for Venous Thrombosis Study. MEGA is a case controlled population based study evaluating risk of venous thrombosis with various risk factors. This report details risk of venous thrombosis with cancer and the joint effects of cancer and selected genetic mutations predisposing to venous thrombosis. Patients were identified at 6 anticoagulation clinics in the Netherlands between March 1, 1999, and May 31, 2002. Patients included were those 18-70 years of age with a first time diagnosis of pulmonary embolism or lower extremity deep venous thrombosis. Control patients, (partners of the patients with venous thrombosis) were also utilized in the study. Both patients and controls received a questionnaire to evaluate acquired risk factors for venous thrombosis. Once anticoagulation therapy had been discontinued for three months, patients and controls were interviewed and blood taken for analysis of Factor V Leiden and prothrombin 20210A mutations.In patients with malignancy, the overall risk of venous thrombosis was increased 7 times (odds ratio [OR], 6.7; 95% CI, 5.2-8.6). The highest risk was present in patients with hematologic malignancies (OR 28.0, 95% CI, 4.0-199.7). Risk was also substantially increased in patient with gastrointestinal cancers (OR 18.9; 95% CI, 4.6-77.8), and patients with pulmonary malignancies (OR 24.8; 95% CI, 3.4-181.1). Risk was highest in the first several months following malignancy diagnosis (adjusted OR 53.5; 95% CI, 8.6-334.3). In patients with cancer the presence of distal metastatic disease further increased the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) compared to patients without metastatic disease (adjusted OR, 19.8; 95% CI, 2.6-149.1). The combination of cancer and Factor V Leiden mutation increased the risk of VTE 12 times compared to patients with Factor V Leiden mutation and no diagnosed malignancy. Results were similar for patients with and without cancer with respect to the prothrombin 20210A mutation.Comment: The data raises the question as to whether patients with cancer should be screened for Factor V Leiden and prothrombin 20210A mutation and treated with prophylactic anticoagulation therapy if a mutation is present. Also the question arises whether prophylactic anticoagulation is indicated in patients with malignancies associated with an especially high risk for VTE. The cost effectiveness of such strategies and the ultimate ability of such strategies to prolong life or improve quality of life are clear in patients with cancer who are undergoing surgery or active chemotherapy (ACTA Haematol 2001;106:73-80). There is currently no data to suggest routine prophylaxis for VTE in all cancer patients would be...