Issues of treatment and rehabilitation of adolescents with mental retardation, improvement of old and new therapies using an integrated approach to rehabilitation, which allows increasing social activity of adolescents with mild mental retardation and improving their quality of life, are remaining relevant and needing further study. The aim of the work is a comprehensive study of clinical and phenomenological structure, comorbid pathology, socio-hygienic factors and criteria for assessing the limitations of life and its quality among adolescents with mild mental retardation, and to develop recommendations for rehabilitation measures in modern conditions. Materials and methods. At the Kryvyi Rih Psychoneurological Dispensary, 154 patients born in 2003–2008 who were under the dispensary observation of a teenage psychiatrist were examined. The study consisted of two stages: the first – at the initial visit for psychiatric care of patients with mild mental retardation, and the second – follow-up, at the age of 18–23 years. Clinical and epidemiological, clinical and psychopathological, psychodiagnostic and statistical methods were used in the study. The main tool of the study was the “Map for clinical and epidemiological studies”, which included socio-demographic and anamnestic information, the clinical part with a description of existing symptoms and syndromes. Results. As a result of rehabilitation measures, there was a decrease in cases and in the severity of comorbid pathology, improved cognitive functioning (attention, memory, language and writing skills, reading, arithmetic), motility, spatial orientation. Adaptive skills of statodynamic functions were improved in 36.4 % of cases, self-care ability – in 22.7 %. At the time of the study completion, 73.38 % of all respondents could be considered socially adapted. Among adolescents with mild mental retardation and comorbid mental and other pathologies, in addition to positive dynamics, there were negative dynamics (19.04 %) or no dynamics (14.29 %), emphasizing the need for longer time and larger number of rehabilitation measures among this category of patients. Conclusions. Biopsychosocial model of care for adolescents with mental retardation with the inclusion of medical-biological, psychological-pedagogical and social aspects helps to increase the effectiveness of rehabilitation measures aimed at reducing the severity of the underlying disease and improving social adaptation.

Among the forms of mental pathology that are found in childhood, a special place is occupied by mental retardation, which makes a significant contribution to the rates of morbidity and disability. In order to establish the patterns of the clinical-phenomenological structure and age-specific course of the disease in adolescence with mild mental retardation, on the basis of the Kryvyi Rih neuropsychiatric dispensary, a two-stage clinical-epidemiological, clinical-psychopathological and psychodiagnostic study of 154 people born in 2003—2008 with mild mental disorders was carried out. According to the results of the study, it was found that the presence of mental retardation in most cases was diagnosed in the period of 7—10 years (29.8 % of cases), and in almost a third of all examined (29 %) this diagnosis was combined with concomitant psychiatric, neurological or somatic pathology, which just led to a deterioration in the general course of the disease. In 63 % cases there was a burdened family history, in 81 % — obstetric. In addition, a direct correlation (r = 0.498) was found between the level of development of social skills and the preservation of the intellectual level. Thus, it is possible to identify risk factors for the occurrence of mild mental retardation: male sex, family history (primarily addiction states), parents’ age over 30, their low educational level, pathological period of pregnancy and delayed psychomotor development in the first year of life. The level of social adaptation of patients depends on the depth of the intellectual deficit, long-term treatment and rehabilitation interventions, psycho-educational activities for parents and relatives, the organization of assistance in finding a job and medical support can increase the level of social adaptation of this contingent.

Among the forms of mental pathology that are found in childhood, mental retardation (MR), which makes a significant contribution to the rates of morbidity and disability, occupies a special place. In order to investigate modern approaches and the criteria for diagnosis and assessment of limitations of life with mild MR in adolescents, on the basis of