AUTHOR'S ABSTIUCTAmoeba proteus contains a central elongated fluid portion (plasmasol), a rigid layer surrounding this (plasmagel), a thin elastic surface layer (plasmalemma), and a hyaline layer between the plasmagel and the plasnialenima which is fluid a t the tip of active psendopods a n d i n certain other regions.The plasmasol is a n eniulsiiin. It consists of a fluid i n which various vacuoles and granuoles are suspended. The plasmegel is probably alveolar in structure. I t contains the same kinds of substances as the plasmasol, but mnie of the fluid appears t o be gelated so as to form alveoli. The plasmaiemma. probably coirsiats of interwoven protein fibers a n d a lipoid which fills the interstices.The plasmasol is probably hypertonic; tli? plasmagel and the plasmalemma are probably semipermeable. This a n d other fact,ors result i n a n excess inflow of water, stretching the plasmagel and the plasmalemma. When a pseudopod is formed, the inner portion of the plasmagel liquefies locally. This produces a local decrease i n elastic strength resulting in the foriimtion of a protuberance, a pseudopod. As this is formed there is contraction a t the posterior end, resulting i n forward flow of the plasmasol a n d extension of the pseudopod.If the pseudopod is attached, the plaamaleninia, being attached to the substratum and to the adjoining plasmagel, slides over the plasmagel above and remains stationary below, rolling movement results. I f it is frat., the p1asm;rlemma is stretched out with movement in it equal on all sides. If the free pseudopods beciiine atta,ahed to the substratum a t the tip after they are thus formed, walking inorenlt~ilt results.During locomotion of either type, the plasmasol continuously gelates a t the tip of the extending pseudopods forming piasmagel, and the plasmagel continuously solates a t the posterior end forming plasmasol.Response is d u e largely to changes i n the elastic strength of the plasmagel i n the adhesiveness of the plasmalemma a n d i n turgidity.Locomotion in Amoeba verriicosa is in princi~)le tile same as it is in Amoeba protens.
Resumen por el autor, S. 0. Mast.Reacciones hacia la luz en las larvas de las ascidias Amaurocium constellatum and Amaurocium pellucidum, con especial menci6n de la orientaci6n f6tica.Los "renacuajos " de Amaurocium se orientan con bastante precisibn. Cuando emergen de las colonias son fuertemente foto-positivos, pero permanecen positivos solamente durante unos instantes, pasados 10s cuales se transforman en fotonegativos. Si se reduce ritpidamente la luz, 10s ejemplares en estado de reposo, tanto 10s positivos como 10s negativos, responden hacihdose activos y 10s ej emplares activos responden cambiando su direcci6n de locomoci6n, 10s positivos girando hacia el abocular y 10s negativos hacia el lado del ocular. El aumento de la iluminaci6n no produce efecto sobre 10s ejemplares en estado de reposo, it pesar de la rapides y extensih, per0 10s ejemplares activos responden girando hacia el lado abocular. Si se cambia gradualmente la iluminaci6n en cualquier direcci6n no se obtiene respuesta, 8 pesar de la extensi6n del cambio.Todas las reacciones f6ticas se deben probablemente 8 cambios de la iluminaci6n de las terminaciones nerviosas en la superficie interna de la copa pigmentada del ojo. La orientaci6n es el resultado de una 6 m8s reacciones de choque causadas por la sombra y la iluminacidn alternativas de las terminaciones del nervio 6ptico it causa de la rotaci6n sobre el eje longitudinal. E n 10s ejemplares negativos la primera produce el giro de la cola hacia el ocular, mientras que la segunda la hace girar hacia el lado abocular ; en 10s ejemplares positivos sucede precisamente lo contrario. Una de las series de respuestas dirije a1 organism0 lejos de la lus, la otra hacia el manantial luminoso. Despu6s que se han orientado, 10s renacuajos, la retina queda continuamente iluminada de un mod0 uniforme, cerando las reacciones producidas por el choque. Permanecen orientados porque tienden B moverse siguiendo un trayecto recto cuando no son es timulados.
the following expression (1906, p. 130): " We started with * Orrock's Railroad Structures and Estimates 8vo, 3 00 Philbrick's Field Manual for Engineers 16mo, mor. 3 00 Raymond's Railroad Engineering. 3 volumes. Vol. I. Railroad Field Geometry. (In Press.) Vol. II. Elements of Railroad Engineering 8vo, 3 50 Vol. III. Railroad Engineer's Field Book.
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