Summary In two cattle herds pregnant cows and heifers without neutralizing antibodies to BVD virus were vaccinated with a commercial live virus vaccine at various stages of gestation. Seven calves, derived from dams vaccinated between the 90th and 118th day of gestation, showed central nervous symptoms with ataxia, torticollis, astasia and opisthotonus and/or growth retardation. BVD virus was isolated from several organs of one calf and from the cerebrospinal fluid of a second calf. In a third case BVD viral antigen was demonstrated in the brain and other organs by direct immunofluorescence. Post mortem examination revealed severe cerebellar hypoplasia associated with hydranencephaly in 4, cerebellar hypoplasia alone in 1, and slight internal hydrocephalus in 2 animals. Zusammenfassung Untersuchungen zur transplazentaren Übertragung eines “Bovine Virusdiarrhoe (BVD)”‐Vakzinevirus III. Auftreten von Fehlentwicklungen des Zentralnervensystems bei Kälbern vakzinierter Muttertiere In zwei Rinderherden wurden tragende Kühe und Färsen, die keine neutralisierenden Anti‐körper gegen BVD‐Virus aufwiesen, mit einer kommerziellen Lebendvirus‐Vakzine in verschiedenen Trächtigkeitsstadien geimpft. Sieben neugeborene Kälber, bei denen die Muttertiere zwischen dem 90. und 118. Trächtigkeitstag vakziniert worden waren, zeigten zentralnervöse Störungen mit Auftreten von Ataxie, Torticollis, Astasie bzw. Opisthotonus. BVD‐Virus ließ sich aus mehreren Organen eines Kalbes isolieren. Bei einem weiteren Kalb war BVD‐Virus im Liquor cerebrospinalis enthalten. in einem dritten Fall ließ sich zusätzlich BVD‐Virusantigen immunfluoreszenzmikroskopisch im Gehirn und in verschiedenen Organen nachweisen. Pathologisch‐anatomisch fanden sich hochgradige Kleinhirnhypoplasie und Hydranenzephalie bei 4 Kälbern, Kleinhirnhypoplasie ohne Großhirnveränderungen bei einem Kalb sowie leichter Hydrocephalus internus bei 2 Kälbern.
The LC5 isolate of Little cherry virus (LChV-LC5) is one of at least two distinct viruses contributing to a severe disease of cherry (Little cherry disease [LChD]) in British Columbia. A near-complete nucleotide sequence of LChV-LC5 is available as well as polyclonal antibodies against LChV-LC5 coat protein produced in bacterial cells. A survey for LChV-LC5-infected trees in the Okanagan Valley and Kootenay region of British Columbia was carried out using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and LChV-LC5 antibodies. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and sequence analysis of four different regions of the genomes of 31 of these isolates have been conducted. A high level of sequence variability was found: nucleotide sequence divergence between LChV-LC5 and the other sequenced isolates ranged from 0 to 19.7%, and amino acid sequence divergence ranged from 0 to 9.1%. Further examination of RT-PCR and sequence data identified six discrete groups of isolates, including a group identical to LChV-LC5. The high level of divergence in LChV-LC5 isolates occurring in British Columbia suggests that caution should be used in the selection of methods used for diagnosis during surveys for this virus.
Summary Of 84 pregnant cows 15 to 90 days before parturition, 36 had no detectable neutralizing antibodies against BVD virus strain A 1138/69 (group I), while 48 animals exhibited such antibodies (group II). All cows were vaccinated with a commercial BVD live virus vaccine on the day of blood sampling for serological testing as well as for cultural isolation of BVD virus from peripheral blood leucocytes. The latter was unsuccessful in every case. In pre‐colostral blood samples of 31 (86 %) of 36 calves in group I cows neutralizing antibody titres ranged between 1: 80 and 1: 216; of the group II calves 43 (91 %) had no detectable antibodies with only 4 calves having titres between 1: 20 and 1: 180. One cow aborted. The kinetics of neutralizing antibodies were followed up to 12 weeks of life in the calves of both groups. In calves born with pre‐colostral antibodies and vaccinated before ingestion of maternal antibody, the serological response to the vaccine virus did not differ from that of the calves without vaccination, thus indicating that active immunization of the calves in utero most probably occurred following transplacental transmission of the vaccine virus. Calves born without pre‐colostral neutralizing antibodies were immunized actively after pre‐colostral vaccination, while calves which remained unvaccinated showed a decay of maternal antibodies as was to be expected. Death rates of calves in both groups showed no obvious difference. The results are discussed in the light of the diagnostic interpretation in fatal cases of BVD virus infections as well as with respect to the prophylactic value of vaccination. Zusammenfassung Untersuchungen zur transplazentaren Übertragung eines Bovinen Virus Diarrhoe (BVD) Vakzinevirus I. Inokulation tragender Rinder 15 bis 90 Tage vor dem Abkalben (190. bis 265. Trächtigkeitstag) Von 84 Rindern wiesen 15 bis 90 Tage vor dem Abkalben 36 Tiere keine neutralisierenden Antikörper gegen BVD‐Virusstamm A 1138/69 (Gruppe I) auf, während bei 48 Tieren (Gruppe II) solche nachgewiesen werden konnten. Am Tag der Entnahme der Blutproben zur Bestimmung neutralisierender Antikörper gegen BVD‐Virus sowie zur BVD‐Virusisolierung aus peripheren Leukozyten erfolgte die Vakzination aller Kühe mit einer kommerziellen BVD‐Lebendvakzine. Bei keinem der Tiere konnte zuvor eine BVD‐Virämie nachgewiesen werden. In den präkolostralen Seren von 31 (86 %) der insgesamt 36 Kälber in Gruppe I reichten die neutralisierenden Antikörpertiter von 1: 80 bis 1: 216. In Gruppe II besaßen 43 Kälber (91 %) keine präkolostralen neutralisierenden Antikörpertiter, während bei nur vier Kälbern Antikörpertiter zwischen 1: 20 und 1: 80 gefunden wurden. Eine Kuh abortierte. Die Kinetik neutralisierender Antikörper in beiden Kälbergruppen wurde bis zur 12. Lebenswoche verfolgt. Die serologische Antwort der mit präkolostralen Antikörpern geborenen und vor Kolostrumaufnahme vakzinierten Kälber auf die BVD‐Lebendvirus‐vakzine unterschied sich nicht von derjenigen nichtvakzinierter Kälber. Somit hat eine aktive Immunisier...
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