Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), a tumor of skeletal muscle origin, is the second most common soft tissue sarcoma encountered in childhood after osteosarcoma. The common sites of occurrence are the head and neck region, genitourinary tract, retroperitoneum, and to a lesser extent, the extremities. Site predilections in the oral cavity are a soft palate, maxillary sinus and alveolus, posterior mandibular region, cheek and lip, and possibly tongue. RMS is a highly malignant tumor with extensive local invasions and early hemorrhagic and lymphatic dissemination. Despite aggressive approaches incorporating surgery, dose-intensive combination chemotherapy, and radiation therapy, the outcome for patients with metastatic disease remains poor. Here, we report a case of oral RMS in a 1-year-old child and describe the clinical, radiological, histopathological, and immunohistochemical findings.

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), previously known as histiocytosis X, is an uncommon hematological disorder affecting infants and young children. It is the condition characterized by uncontrolled stimulation and proliferation of normal antigen presenting cells, Langerhans cells. Because of its relatively low incidence, limited data are available regarding the epidemiology of LCH, with estimation of 2–5 cases per million inhabitants per year. The purpose of this report is to describe the case of LCH in the 3-year-old male child with multiple focal involvements of bones and to discuss clinical, radiological and histopathological features of LCH and role of the dental surgeon in diagnosing and managing such lesions.

Radicular cysts are the most common odontogenic cystic lesions of inflammatory origin. Large radicular cyst is comparatively less frequently associated with primary teeth. They represent only 0.5-3.3% of the total number of cysts in primary dentition. Radicular cysts arising from deciduous teeth are reported to occur in age range of 3-19 years with a male predominance. Although large radicular cysts are treated by enucleation with extensive removal of bone and vital teeth, marsupialization can be preferred as a conservative approach to reduce the morbidity. The purpose of this article is to report a case series of large radicular cysts associated with badly mutilated and traumatized primary teeth and to demonstrate how best they can be conservatively treated during mixed dentition period.

Background In the field of dentistry, topical anesthetics play an important role in reducing pain during needle pricks. The anesthetic property of betel leaves remain unexplored, even though they have been widely used for the treatment of various ailments. The purpose of this study was to compare and evaluate pain perception following topical application of lignocaine gel, clove gel, ice, and newly developed betel leaf extract gel during intraoral injection in children. Methods Sixty children aged 6–10 years who met the inclusion criteria were divided into four groups. Topical anesthetic agents, 2% lignocaine (Lox-2% Jelly, Neon, Mumbai, India), 4.7% clove gel (Pain Out Dental Gel, Colgate Palmolive India Ltd, Solan, India), 10% betel leaf extract gel, and ice were applied to each group for one min, followed by administration of infiltration anesthesia. Pain perception was analyzed during needle insertion. The Wong Bakers FACES pain rating scale (WBFPRS) was used for subjective assessment and the Sound, Eye, Motor (SEM) scale for objective assessment. Recorded values were tabulated and subjected to appropriate statistical analysis using SPSS software with a P value set at 0.05. Results The clove oil and betel leaf groups demonstrated the highest WBFPRS scores, followed by the ice and lignocaine groups. The clove, betel leaf extract, and ice groups showed equal and highest SEM scores, followed by the lignocaine group. The mean WBFPRS and mean SEM scores were statistically significant. Conclusion Betel leaf extract gel is effective in reducing pain and can act as an alternative topical anesthetic agent.

It can be concluded from the present study that fluoride varnish can be used as a root canal sealer. However, further in vitro and in vivo studies are required.