Introduction Various drugs are administered intraarticularly to provide postoperative analgesia after arthroscopic knee surgery, of which opioids and alpha 2 agonists could be of particular interest. Methods Sixty patients undergoing elective knee arthroscopy were randomly assigned to two groups (n=30). Group R received 19 ml of 0.25% ropivacaine and 1 ml of isotonic saline (total volume 20 ml) intraarticularly. Group RD received 100 μg (1 ml) of dexmedetomidine added to 19 ml of 0.25% ropivacaine intra-articularly (total volume 20 ml). Analgesic effect was evaluated by measuring pain intensity (VAS score) and duration of analgesia. Results A longer delay was observed between intraarticular injection of study medication and first requirement of supplementary analgesic in group RD (10.84±2.6 hours) compared to group R (5.38±1.4 hours). Total consumption of fentanyl citrate in postoperative period was significantly less in group RD. No significant side effects were noted. Conclusion Dexmedetomidine, added as adjunct to ropivacaine in patients undergoing arthroscopic knee Departments of 1 Pharmacology, 2 Anaesthesiology and

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Laryngoscopy & intubation are associated with tachycardia & hypertension. These hemodynamic changes are temporary & do not cause any complication in healthy person. But these changes can be detrimental to the patient with history of coronary artery disease and can facilitate and accelerate the development of myocardial ischemia, arrhythmias, infraction and also heart failure. The present study was designed to evaluate and study the efciency of intravenous midazolam, esmolol and their combination in the attenuation of cardiovascular response to laryngoscopy and intubation in normotensive individuals. METHOD: This randomized prospective double-blind study was performed on 90 patients of ASA physical status I and II undergoing various elective abdominal surgeries under general anaesthesia with endotracheal intubation. Patients were randomized in three groups, Group M (midazolam) 0.05mg/kg I.V, Group E (esmolol) 2mg/kg I.V and Group M/E (midazolam 0.05mg/kg + Esmolol 2mg/kg I.V) with 30 patients in each group. Hemodynamic parameters were recorded before the study drug and at specied intervals. RESULT:- All three groups showed less rise in heart rate and blood pressure during laryngoscopy and intubation. Haemodynamic parameters were signicantly less in Group-M/E than Group M and E alone just after intubation and 1 and 2 minutes intervals. CONCLUSION: Combination of both midazolam and esmolol effectively attenuated the cardiovascular stress response associated with laryngoscopy & intubation than single drug therapy with esmolol or midazolam.