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Mycobacterium genavense mesenteritis responsible for refractory chylous ascites despite multiple immunomodulatory therapies in a patient with AIDS Mycobacterium genavense has a well-known high affinity for the gastrointestinal tract and mesentery, where it may cause pathogen-specific syndromes, including retractile-mesenteritis mass, duodenal thickening, ascites and thrombotic occlusions of the abdominal vessels [1,2].M. genavense mesenteritis mostly becomes manifest during immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) [1,[3][4][5]. We describe the failure of various immunomodulatory therapies over 7 years of follow-up, for steroiddependent M. genavense mesenteritis IRIS responsible for refractory chylous ascites in a patient with AIDS.In December 2015, a 32-year-old HIV-1-infected woman was diagnosed with disseminated infection by M. genavense. She had been diagnosed with HIV in 2002 and was on

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