An Agronomic investigation entitled “Performance of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Based intercropping system in kharif under different row proportion” was carried out at Agriculture College Farm, Nagpur during kharif 2017-18. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with nine treatments as T1- Sole sesame, T2 - Sole green gram, T3 - Sole black gram, T4 - Sesame : Green gram in 1:1 row ratio, T5 - Sesame : Green gram in 2:1 row ratio, T6 - Sesame : Green gram in 3:1 row ratio, T7 - Sesame : Black gram in 1:1 row ratio, T8 - Sesame : Black gram in 2:1 row ratio and T9 - Sesame : Black gram in 3:1 row ratio and were replicated thrice. The results of the study indicated that, among all treatments, sole sesame (T1) recorded highest seed yield, straw yield and biological yield. Among the intercropping treatments, sesame with black gram in 1:1 row ratio recorded higher seed yield, straw yield and biological yield. Intercropping of sesame: black gram in 1:1 row ratio (T7) recorded the higher GMR (₹ 87563 ha-1), NMR (₹ 62060 ha-1), B:C ratio (3.43).