No abstract

Microgastria is a rare congenital anamoly. It was first reported in 1800s. It occurs in association with other anamolies. Common associated anomalies include asplenia, malrotation of intestine, upper limb anomalies, situs inversus. Isolated cases of Microgastria are very few in literature. Most cases of microgastria present during infancy. This is a report of a four year old child, eldest in litreature presenting with isolated microgastria. Child presented with vomiting, failure to thrive. Child underwent excision of stomach and oesophago-jejunostomy with pouch after initial stabilization. The child had an uneventful post-operative recovery.

Background: Hypospadias is common congenital condition. First attempted hypospadias surgery was done during first century A.D. Since then more than 300 techniques have been explained in the surgery for Hypospadias. The goal of surgery is focused on functional and cosmetic outcomes. In 1994 Snodgrass popularized the technique of urethral plate incision, tubularization and secondary dorsal healing for hypospadias repair. Aim of the study was to evaluate the short term outcomes of Snodgrass urethroplasty.Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted by the department of Pediatric Surgery, Kempegowda Institute of medical sciences (KIMS) hospital, Bangalore from 2014 to 2017. Children with mid penile and distal hypospadias who had undergone Snodgrass urethroplasty were enrolled in the study. Children with previous surgery were excluded. The demographic data, duration of surgery, post operative requirement of anticholinergics, duration of catheterization and post operative stay were tabulated. Children were followed up for duration of 6 months to 3 years. Post operative complications were tabulated. Results: 40 children were included in the study. Age ranges of children were between 9 months to 14 years. In most of the children hypospadias was diagnosed at birth. The mean duration of surgery was 97.25 minutes. The mean duration of hospitalization was12.2 day. The overall complications rate was 20%. The most common complication was urethrocutaneous fistula. Out of the 40 children included in the study 4(10%) children required resurgery (urethrocutaneous fistula closure).Conclusions: Snodgrass urethroplasty is a simple and effective technique. It is easy to learn and can be applied as a single stage procedure. The most common complications are urethrocutaneous fistula and meatal stenosis.

Background: Pelvi-ureteric junction obstruction (PUJO) is defined as anatomical or functional obstruction to the flow of urine from the pelvis to the upper ureter. With the advent of ultrasonography most of the cases of PUJO are identified in antenatal period. The treatment protocol for antenatal diagnosed PUJO is standardized. Few children present later in life. Present study was done to evaluate clinical profile and outcome of children presenting with PUJO above 1 year.Methods: A retrospective observational study conducted by the department of Paediatric Surgery, KIMS hospital Bangalore.  All children with PUJO above 1 year of age from January 2015 to January 2018 were included. Clinical, biochemical and imaging findings of these children were tabulated. A diuretic renogram was done to confirm the diagnosis. The children underwent either pyeloplasty or nephrectomy, depending on the function of the kidney. In children with calculi, pyelolithotomy with pyeloplasty was done. The children were followed up post-surgery.Results: Twenty-six children were included in the study. Mean age of presentation was 6.86±4.13years. Most common presentation was pain abdomen. Left kidney was commonly involved. The mean anteroposterior pelvic dimension (APPD) of involved kidney was 38.96±17.7 mm. 5 children presented with poorly functioning kidney with split renal function less than 10%. In three children PUJO was associated with pelvic calculi. Out of the 26 children simple nephrectomy was required in 4 (15%) children. The remaining 22 children underwent pyeloplasty. Mean duration of stay was 6.19±1.8 days. Post-pyeloplasty diuretic renogram showed improved drainage with improved function.Conclusions: PUJO is common cause of urinary obstruction in children. Delay in diagnosis or presentation leads to increased chances of renal damage and loss. Hence it is important to diagnose PUJ obstruction at the earliest and receive prompt treatment.

<p>Fine needle aspiration biopsy has become an important first line of investigation in palpable neck masses. It is simple, sensitive, inexpensive and safe investigation. Minor complications include pain, rashes and irritation at the site of aspiration. Life threatening complication occurs rarely. This is a report of child who presented with internal carotid artery injury with a massive hematoma causing respiratory distress following Fine needle aspiration. The child underwent neck exploration with evacuation of hematoma. Though life threatening complications post Fine needle aspiration are rare, this case highlights the precautions to be taken while performing fine needle aspiration in deep seated neck mass. </p>