Aim:Hemorrhagic gastroenteritis (HGE) ranging from mild to severe forms is commonly encountered in puppies. The aim of the study was to identify the prevalence of common enteropathogens and the antibiotic sensitivity pattern in puppies reported with HGE.Materials and Methods:The canine HGE activity index, with little modification, was adopted to identify Grade III/severely affected puppies below 6 months of age. Fecal polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was employed to screen and compare the enteropathogens in puppies with hemorrhagic diarrhea and healthy control.Results:Canine parvovirus 2b was identified in 90.3% of the diarrheic and 10% of the non-diarrheic healthy puppies. Clostridium difficile was identified in all the diarrheic puppies and in 80% of the healthy puppies. Among the diarrheic puppies, 17.7% were positive for Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin, 9.7% were positive for C. perfringens alpha toxin, 6.4% were positive for Escherichia coli shiga toxin, 6.4% were positive for E. coli enterotoxin (LT), and 3.2% were positive for canine distemper virus. Whereas, none of the healthy puppies were positive for these bacteria and toxins. Fecal antibiotic sensitivity test pattern revealed gentamicin to be sensitive in 95% of the cases, azithromycin in 50%, enrofloxacin in 25%, cefotaxime in 20%, and tetracycline in 5% of the cases.Conclusion:Parvoviral enteritis is predominant among puppies. Yet, bacteria and their toxins also play an important role in HGE. Gentamicin has higher sensitivity against the enteropathogens associated with the condition.

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) and mixed infections (57.89%). Based on this study, the major causes for endoparasitism were identified and discussed. Important management measures were suggested to prevent endoparasites in order to promote the health of birds from parasitic infection. K e y w o r d sCaptive pheasants, Zoological park, Chennai.

Ten villages of Tirunelveli district were selected purposively for the study wherein NABARD Farmers culb functioning successfully. From each village 50 NABARD Farmers club members were selected by simple random sampling techniques. Thirty percent of the respondents were involved among 500 beneficiaris of the project to study the impact of TANUVASmineral mixture on the productive performance. Accordingly, 15 respondents from each village were included for this study and constituted a sample size of 150. Milk sample were collected before supplementation of TANUVAS -mineral mixture and after two weeks period of supplementation of TANUVAS -mineral mixture in dairy cattle. Fat and SNF percentage of samples were analysed in the laboratory and milk yield also estimated. The study concluded that, supplementation with TANUVAS -mineral mixture increased milk yield by one litre, fat percentage increased by 1.77 per cent and SNF increased by 0.77 per cent.