Angioleiomyoma is a benign tumour arising from the vascular smooth muscle (tunica media) and presents commonly between third and fifth decades of life. Although there are sporadic reports about this tumour in the literature, none describes all the information in detail. This review is an attempt to collate all the facts in one concise article. Angioleiomyoma presents as a painful mass in approximately 60% of the cases. One of the distinct clinical feature noted is the increase in size of the swelling with physical activity of the involved part, especially in the hand. It should be considered in the differential diagnosis of painful nodular lesions of the extremity. Pre-operative diagnosis is difficult, but with a high index of suspicion and awareness, it is possible. The use of ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging should be considered. It causes minimal morbidity and excision is usually curative. Histological examination using smooth muscle Actin stain portraits the smooth muscle bundles clearly.

Technical skills have been shown to transfer very well from bench models to practical use. The central two rays of 30 forelimbs of pigs were dissected and anatomical observations were made. The rays contained deep and superficial flexor tendons enclosed in a fibro-osseous tunnel and these were present in all 60 specimens. The fibrous part of the tunnel had specific constant condensations in annular and oblique directions which were present in all 60 rays. The anatomy of the porcine forelimb digital flexor tendon system is sufficiently similar to the human system to be used as a model for surgeons wishing to master the technical aspects of zone II flexor tendon repair. This paper proposes the porcine forelimb as a bench model for zone II flexor tendon repair.

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We report a case of Cryptococcus neoformans in a pregnant woman whose initially mild symptoms of infection deteriorated after delivery. This is the first reported case of C. neoformans osteomyelitis in pregnancy.