The coastal area of Pelita Jaya Bay and Kotania Bay is a semi enclose estuary area having three typical most productive ecosystems i.e. mangrove, seagrasses, and coral reefs with the mangrove ecosystem being the dominant one making this area a productive in fish resources. Local community neighboring this area used mangrove ecosystem for many different purposes, some of it threatening the sustainability oh the ecosystem. The objective of this study was to analyze mangrove forest sustainability and to propose sustainable mangrove forest management. Rapfish analysis was used to analyze mangrove sustainability status. A sustainable management strategy was developed using a conceptual model framework combined with the DPSIR approach. The two most sensitive attributes affecting mangrove sustainability from Leverage analysis were used as the State component from DPSIR. The result shows that overall mangrove forest sustainability was 60% and was considered fair sustain with the ecological dimension having the highest sustainable scale (85.35%) and considered sustain, whilst institutional dimension having the lowest sustainable scale (29.10%) and considered unsustain. The sustainable mangrove management strategy proposed consists of workshops, training, vocational education concerning EAM, as well as replanting degraded mangrove forests, monitoring, surveying, and controlling. The management strategy should be conducted based on a co-management approach.   Keywords:  Mangrove forest, local community, sustainability, conceptual model framework, Kotania Bay

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Ambon is small island belongs to Maluku Province, Eastern Indonesia. The waters of this island has great potential of marine resources such as Echinoderms, Molluscs, Crustaceans, and Fishes. Coral reef ecosystem in this area make its marine waters has variety of reef fishes. One of the reef fish is parrotfish, which is important economically and ecologically. This research was conducted to study diversity of parrotfishes in Ambon Island waters. Samples were collected through UVC method and purposive sampling method at fish markets and fish landing sites in 2015-2017. It was found that parrotfish in Ambon Island waters consist of 29 species and 6 genera i.e. 15 species and four genera from UVC sampling and 25 species and six genera from sampling at fish markets and fish landing sites. 15 of those parrotfish has been successfully validated by DNA barcoding. Total density of parrotfish in the southern waters of Ambon Island was 318 ind./ha.

A study on coral reefs condition in the coastal waters of Kei Besar Island was conducted in 2019 with the aimed to provide data on taxa composition, density and colony diameter of stony corals, coral reefs condition, and ecological indices of the coral community. It was found during the study that there are 17 families of stony coral, which consist of 62 genera and 206 species. Among those species of stony coral, 79 species are classified as protected species and 50 species as ornamental coral. Coral families of Acroporidae, Faviidae, Fungiidae, and Poritidae have high species richness. The density of stony coral colonies between reef stations ranged from 3.0 colonies m−2 (low) with a relatively large colony diameter until 16.3 colonies m−2 (high) with a small coral colony diameter. The only one reef station was in Excellent condition, while seven reef stations in Good, four reef stations in Fair, and two coral reef sites were in Poor condition. The coral community in the coastal waters of Kei Besar Island had moderate species diversity of stony coral and low species dominance with stable condition.

Cultivation of Kappaphycus alvarezii has been carried out by inverted pyramid method in the deep water of Saparua Bay. This study aims to analyze the daily growth rates (DGR), biomass productions (Y) and carrageenan yields (YC) of the green and brown strain of K. alvarezii with different water depth by inverted pyramid method in deep seawaters. K. alvarezii with an initial weight of 100 g were planted successively at the water depths of 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 m during four growing seasons that last for 49 days in every season. The results showed that the highest daily growth rate and biomass production were on the green strain at the depth of 1 m and brown strain at the depth of 3 m, which were 4.18% and 749.29 g/m2 then 4.19% and 754.51 g/m2, respectively. Both of DGR and Y in brown strain was higher than the green strain at the surface layer. While the highest carrageenan yield were on the green and brown strain at the depth of 9 m, which were 16.53% and 14.85%, respectively. Seaweed cultivation in deep waters has a positive impact on carrageenan yields in line with the increasing depths while the growth rate and the biomass production can be achieved higher at the lower depth.