The effect of endophytic and rhizospheric bacteria was studied on salt stress in a local paddy rice (Oryza sativa L.) variety GJ-17. Plants inoculated with endophytic bacterium Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes showed significantly higher concentration of glycine betaine-like quaternary compounds and higher shoot biomass at lower salinity levels. While at higher salinity levels, mixture of both P. pseudoalcaligenes and Bacillus pumilus showed better response against the adverse effects of salinity. However, accumulation of proline showed an opposite trend against plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) treatment in salinity stress. Proline concentration increased with salinity but decreased in plants inoculated with either of the PGPRs or mixture of both P. pseudoalcaligenes and B. pumilus. The present study shows that inoculation of paddy rice (Oryza sativa L.) with a mixture of endophytic and rhizospheric bacteria could serve as a useful tool for alleviating salinity stress.

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Synopsis Poly[ N, N'-(sulfo-pheny1ene)phthalamidles and poly[ N, N'-(sulfo-p-pheny1ene)pyromellitimidelwere prepared in water-soluble form and were found to have unique solution properties, similar in some respects to xanthan. The polymer most investigated, poly[ N, N'-(sulfo-p-phenylene)terephthalamide] (PPT-S), is produced as the dimethylacetamide (DMAC) salt by the solution polymerization of 2,5-diaminobenzenesulfonic acid with terephthaloyl chloride in DMAC containing LiCl. The isolated polymer requires heating in water to dissolve; the resulting cooled solutions are viscous or gels at concentrations as low as 0.4%. They are highly birefringent, exhibit circular dichroism properties, and are viscosity-sensitive to salt. Solutions of this polymer mixed with those of guar or hydroxyethyl cellulose give significantly enhanced viscosity. The polymer is relatively low molecular weight, ca. 5000 qtimated from viscosity data. Some meta and para isomeric analogs of PPT-S were prepared; these polymers have similar properties except they are more soluble in water, and higher concentrations are required to obtain significant viscosity. Poly[ N, N'-(sulfo-p-phenylene) pyromellitimide] (PIM-S) was prepared similarly from 2,5diaminobenzenesulfonic acid and pyromellitic dianhydride. Its aqueous solution properties are similar to those of PPT-S. It appears that these relatively low-molecular-weight rigid-chain polymers associate in water to form a network that results in viscous solutions at low concentrations.

This article aims to discuss the combined effect of roughness and slip velocity on the performance of a ferrofluid based rough porous secant shape slider bearing. The slip model of Beavers and Joseph has been deployed to study the effect of velocity slip while the stochastic model of Christensen and Tonder has been used to calculate the effect of surface roughness. The concerned statistically averaged Reynolds' type equation is solved with suitable boundary conditions to obtain the pressure distribution leading to the calculation of load carrying capacity. Further, the expression for friction and the position of center of pressure are obtained. It is observed that the bearing suffers due to surface roughness. However, this adverse effect can be reduced considerably by the ferrofluid lubrication taking the slip parameter at minimum. In this type of bearing system, the combination of slip velocity and skewness may play a crucial role in augmenting the bearing performance. Besides, the friction is found to be mostly decreasing or nominally increasing.