The results demonstrated that B. juncea and R. sativus green manures can play an important role in PCN management, particularly if included in an integrated pest management scheme.

No abstract

Effective management of potato cyst nematodes (PCNs) requires simple, rapid and accurate identification and quantification of field populations. Soil samples from a survey of 484 fields in potato rotations in England and Wales were used to compare the identification and quantification of PCNs using IEF, PCR, ELISA and bait plant tests. The cyst counts and bait plant test revealed that 64.3% of field samples contained PCNs. Bait plant tests increased the detection rate of PCNs in field samples by 4-6.4%. This means that some infestations are cryptic and would not normally be detected by standard counts. IEF, PCR and ELISA methods distinguished between Globodera rostochiensis and G pallida and were able to register mixed populations; however they were not in full agreement. All methods suggested that G pallida is the dominant species in the field samples tested. The PCR results indicated that 66% of field samples contained pure G pallida, 8% contained pure G rostochiensis and 26% contained mixtures of the two species. Estimates of the relative process times taken per sample in the PCR, IEF and ELISA techniques are given.

Fosthiazate (Nemathorin 1OG Ishihara Sangyo Kaisha Ltd, Japan) is a new nematicide approved for use on potatoes Solanum tuberosum L. in the UK for the control of the potato cyst nematodes Globodera rostochiensis (Woll). Skarbilovich and G. pallida (Stone). Fosthiazate delayed and suppressed hatch of the potato cyst nematode Globodera pallida in both in vitro laboratory tests and a glasshouse pot experiment. In vitro hatch was temporarily inhibited by fosthiazate concentrations above 0.09 pg ml-I and increasing the fosthiazate concentration further prolonged the duration of hatch inhibition. Analysis of fosthiazate soil concentrations, using high-pressure liquid chromatography, during the glasshouse experiment showed that hatch was suppressed in the soil at concentrations above 0.5 mg kg-'. Other factors such as the paralysis of hatched nematodes in the soil solution are also involved. Nelmes A J. 1970. The behavioural response of Heterodera rostochiensis larvae to aldicarb and its sulfoxide and sulfone. Journal of Nematology 2:223-227. Nordmeyer D. 1992. The search for novel nematicidal compounds. In Nematology from molecule to ecosystem, pp. 281-293. Eds F J Gommers and P W Th Maas. Dundee: European Society of Nematologists. 123~83-9 1. th010g~ 18:155-172.

This chapter covers the history and development of nematicides; active substances in fumigant and non-fumigant nematicides; formulation and application of liquid formulations, microgranules and fumigants; nematicide degradation; effects of nematicides on nontarget organisms and contamination of groundwater; methyl bromide toxicity and alternative nematicides that do not contribute to ozone depletion; legislation related to pesticide use; assessment of the risk of nematicide exposure and nematicide residues in foodstuff; and naturally occurring nematicides.