C ORE SHELL technique was used to synthesize conductive Cu-core / Ag-subshell / polyaniline-shell nanocomposites (NCs) and evaluating their antimicrobial activities. This was achieved through two stages, firstly different Cu/Ag core shell nanoparticles (Cu/Ag NPs) were prepared (C/A1, C/A3, C/A5), using electroless plating technique by reduction of AgNO 3 in alcoholic dispersion of Cu NPs at three different weight ratios of AgNO 3 : Cu. Secondly, the prepared Cu/Ag NPs were further coated with polyaniline (PANI) by oxidative polymerization of aniline in their aqueous dispersions to form PANI/(Cu/Ag) NCs (NC1, NC3, NC5). XRD patterns of Cu/Ag NPs revealed their bimetallic crystalline structure. SEM micrographs and EDAX data proved formation of Ag thin shell on the surface of Cu core. The concentration of this silvery layer increased from ≈ 38% (C/A1) to 68% (C/A5). SEM and EDAX data of NCs, showed that PANI film wrapped 60% to 63% of Cu/Ag NPs surface that Cu nearly diminished. The synthesized NCs possessed good electrical conductivity that increased with Ag content from 0.52 S/m (NC1) to13 (NC5) S/m. Good antimicrobial activities (antibacterial and antifungal), of Cu/Ag NPs and their NCs were obtained. Such good conductivity and antimicrobial activity nominate the NCs to be applied in electronic and biotechnical fields.
There is great research interest in synthesizing nanomaterials using environmentally friendly methods due to the many applications of these materials in several fields. In this paper, a facile and green chemistry method was used to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using the Egyptian propolis as reducing and capping agent. Different parameters such as aqueous propolis extract quantity, pH, reaction time, and temperature were investigated to get the optimal conditions for synthesis of AgNPs. When aqueous silver nitrate solution is mixed with aqueous propolis extract, the silver ions are rapidly reduced, resulting in the production of extremely stable, crystalline silver nanoparticles in solution. The biosynthesized silver nanoparticles were characterized using different techniques (FTIR, XRD, Zeta potential, TEM, SEM, and EDX). The sizes of the as synthesized silver nanoparticles were 9.43 and 11.39 nm, according to TEM and XRD analysis, respectively. A negative Zeta potential of -8.8 mV were obtained suggesting stabilization of the AgNPs colloidal solution. The antimicrobial activity of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was examined and showed a synergism between propolis and AgNPs as expected for gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli while there was no effect for the extract at the concentrations used. The results proved that biosynthesized AgNPs using Egyptian propolis is promising to be an effective antimicrobial product to be used in infections.
In this study, green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) has done using traditional herbal namely Cassia auriculata extract by the simple Green synthesis method. The synthesized Ag nanoparticles were studied by the characterization techniques includes X-ray diffraction (XRD) crystallography for nature of crystalline with relevant parameters, Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for particle size as well as the SAED patterns for amorphous, crystalline or polynanocrystalline and Photoluminescence analysis were carried out for the prepared NPs. Ag NPs were fabricated utilizing Phyto-aquatic extract of Cassia auriculata which act as a reducing agent, and it was converted into a precursor solution to coat on cotton fabrics for antibacterial applications. To further, its performance on anticancer application was studied for Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF-7) line breast cancer.
Robotic fish design is an upcoming and interesting research area with lot of challenging tasks due to the impulsive dynamics of water space. In this paper an evolutionary computational approach is performed to design caudal fins under carangi form and sub-carangi form swimming modes. Size and Shape with SOLEIL and multi-body evolutionary experiments were carried out using Euler-Lagrangian equation-based BhT tool to experiment and validate the hydrodynamic effects of caudal fin by avoiding complex and time consuming CFD simulations to achieve realistic motion. To improve average velocity of robotic fish two approaches have been suggested, one is a hill climbing algorithm to find optimal shape with standard stiffness whereas the second approach considers both shape and stiffness together in a genetic algorithm. Finally simulated fin models are compared against physical models to identify the correlation and performances of both to accurately approximate real world performances in a simulated environment leading to design optimised caudal fins for robotic fish.
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