Objective:The aim of this cross-sectional study was to compare craniofacial growth among operated and unoperated unilateral cleft lip and palate non-syndromic subjects.Materials and Methods:A sample of 180 subjects of Indian origin was selected. Of them, 90 were operated, and 90 were unoperated complete unilateral cleft lip and palate individuals. The subjects were divided into three age groups of 3–5, 8–10, and 20–25 years comprised of 30 patients in each group. The following measurements were evaluated: Angle and length of the cranial base; maxillary spatial positioning and length; mandibular spatial positioning; morphology and length; maxillomandibular relationship. Comparative analysis of the means between the groups was performed with Student's t-test at the significance levels of 5%. The ANOVA test has been performed to test the effect of time.Results:No significant differences were observed between the measurements that represented the angle and length of the cranial base of unoperated and the operated patients (P>0.05). There was statistically significant decrease (P˂0.05) in the maxillary length (Co-A; 69.00 mm in 3–5 years, 68.33 mm in 8–10 years, and 67.17 mm in 20–25 years age group), and SNA angle (74.83° in 3–5 years, 74.17 ° in 8–10 years and 73.17 ° in 20–25 years age group) in operated group. No significant difference noticed on cephalometric values of the mandible, except Ar-Go-Me angle (P˂0.05), which showed vertical growth pattern in unoperated patients (132.50 ° in 3–5 years, 132.00 ° I 8–10 years and 138.33 ° in 20–25 years age group).Conclusion:Lip and palate repair has a significant influence on the maxilla and resulting in retarded growth of maxilla, which causes midface deficiency beyond acceptable sagittal limits. The Gonial angle showed vertical growth pattern in unoperated patients, but the cranial base angle and length of unoperated and the operated patients were similar.

Aims:The aim of this study was to evaluate the specific chromatic alterations in tooth crowns induced by two different endodontic restorative materials.Settings and Design:This in vitro study was conducted at the Department of Conservative Dentistry, KMCT Dental College, Kozhikode, Kerala.Subjects and Methods:Forty-five freshly extracted, fully developed, single-rooted teeth were prepared and randomly assigned to two experimental groups (n = 15 each) and one negative control group (n = 15). Group 1 consists of white mineral trioxide aggregate (WMTA), Biodentine formed Group 2, and controls formed Group 3. Double-beam ultraviolet spectrophotometer equipment was used to assess the coronal discoloration as determined by CIE L*, a*, and b* and their corresponding total values.Results:At baseline, no significant difference was detected for CIE values between the groups. Group 1 showed a significant decrease in L*, a*, and b* values over time. The color change with WMTA led to clinically perceptible crown discoloration after 6 weeks which exceeded the perceptible threshold for the human eye, i.e., ΔE > 3.3. No changes were observed with Biodentine.Conclusions:Materials used in endodontics may stain teeth. WMTA induced clinically perceptible crown discoloration, whereas Biodentine demonstrated color stability.

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Aims:The aim of the following study was to evaluate the percentage and average depth of epiphany sealer penetration into dentinal tubules among the coronal, middle and apical thirds of the root using the confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM).Materials and Methods:A total of 10 maxillary central incisors were prepared and obturated with Resilon-Epiphany system. Sealer was mixed with fluorescent rhodamine B isothiyocyanate dye for visibility under confocal microscope. Teeth were cross-sectioned into coronal, middle and apical sections-2 mm thick. Sections were observed under CLSM. Images were analyzed for percentage and average depth of sealer penetration into dentinal tubules using the lasso tool in Adobe Photoshop CS3 (Adobe systems incorporated, San jose, CA) and laser scanning microscopy (LSM 5) image analyzer.Statistical Analysis Used:One-way analysis of variance with Student Neuman Keuls post hoc tests, Kruskal-Wallis test and Wilcoxon signed-rank post hoc tests.Results:The results showed that a higher percentage of sealer penetration in coronal section-89.23%, followed by middle section-84.19% and the apical section-64.9%. Average depth of sealer penetration for coronal section was 526.02 μm, middle-385.26 μm and apical-193.49 μm.Conclusions:Study concluded that there was higher epiphany sealer penetration seen in coronal followed by middle and least at apical third of the roots.

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