There is considerable methodological heterogeneity in studies reporting reference ranges for Doppler indices of UA, MCA and CPR, and the resulting references have important implications for clinical practice. There is a need for the standardization of methodologies for Doppler velocimetry and for the development of reference standards, which can be correctly interpreted and applied in clinical practice. We propose a set of recommendations for this purpose. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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