Data regarding COVID-19 in the adult population and hospitalized children is rapidly evolving, but little is known about children infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 who do not require hospitalization. In an observational, retrospective study we analyzed risk factors, demographics and clinical course of non-hospitalized patients ≤ 21 years of age with COVID-19 infection. Of the 1,796 patients evaluated, 170 were infected, and 40 participated in a telephone survey. Children older >10 years of age (OR: 2.19), Hispanic ethnicity (OR: 3) and residing in counties with higher rates of poverty (OR: 1.5) were associated with higher risk of infection, while older girls were more likely to experience prolonged duration of symptoms (median: 32 days). Consistent with prior reports, fever and cough were present in most of our patients. Shortness of breath, diarrhea, anosmia, and ageusia were more common in our outpatient population than previously reported. Larger studies addressing the clinical and psychosocial impact of CoVID-19 infection in children living in high-risk environments are warranted.

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change with same therapeutic target (SWITCH) and drug change with different therapeutic target (SWAP). The Studentś t test for correlated groups was performed but any intervention involving SWAP or SWITCH was excluded. Asymptomatic patients without altered APR and optimal plasma adalimumab concentrations maintained the same treatment scheme. Results 89 patients were analysed and 41 (46%) patients were proposed and accepted for interventions, of whom 22 (54%) were men with a mean age of 40 years (18-66). The data are shown in table 1. Interventions performed: 21 (51%) deintensification, 10 (24%) intensification, 7 (17%) SWAP and 3 (7%) SWITCH. Symptomatic patients before interventions totalled 19 (46%); after the interventions 4 (10%) patients remained symptomatic, 3 after intensification and 1 after a treatment SWITCH. Conclusion and relevance APR improved after interventions. Faecal calprotectin showed a significative p value. Further studies are required. Monitoring adalimumab along with clinical patient data is crucial to optimise IBD control. This practice is effective, safe and contributes to the sustainability of the health system, saving possible adverse effects and money. Clinical pharmacists have a crucial role in optimal clinical patient development.

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BackgroundLinezolid is an antibiotic used for several infections, such as community acquired pneumonia, nosocomial pneumonia and skin and soft tissue infections. Its use has increased over the past years, raising concerns about the incidence in clinical practice of haematological toxicity (HT) related to it.PurposeTo assess linezolid’s related HT and its relationship with risk factors (RF) such as age >65 years, creatinine clearance at the beginning of treatment (ClCr) <30 ml/min/S and duration of treatment (DT) >10 days.Material and methodsA 5 month (July to November 2016) retrospective study was conducted. Inclusion criteria: treatment with linezolid for more than 1 day. Exclusion criteria: paediatric patients, critically ill patients, oncologic patients, and major bleeding or surgery during treatment. Data collected: age, sex, DT, ClCr, requirement of blood transfusion; and haemoglobin (Hb), neutrophil and platelet counts (per mcL) at the beginning and at the end of treatment. It was considered that the patient developed HT if any of the following criteria were met during treatment:Decrease of 25% in Hb (g/dL).Decrease of 25% in platelet count.Decrease from a neutrophil level in rank (1,500–8,000/mcL) to a neutropenic level (<1,500/mcL).Requirement of blood transfusion.The statistical analysis was performed using Stata 13®.ResultsForty-eight patients. Mean age was 67.8 years (SD=11.3) with 64.6% of males. Mean DT and ClCr were 7.9 days (SD=5.8) and 61.6 mL/min/S (SD=28.9), respectively.13/48 patients (27.1%) developed HT.To assess the relationship of HT with the RF, we performed a two-way table and a Fisher’s exact test. The obtained P-values were: age >65 years (p=0.594), ClCr <30 ml/min/S (p=0.415) and DT>10 days (p=0.077).ConclusionLinezolid’s related HT in our hospital is relatively high (27.1%), but there is no statistically significant relationship (p>0.05) with the proposed RF. However, it seems that with a more statistically poweful study, DT could reach statistical significance. Thus, it is very important to tightly monitor treatments with linezolid in order to avoid HT in our patients.No conflict of interest