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Electric vehicles (EVs) are a promising technology for achieving a sustainable transport sector due to their very low to zero carbon emissions, low noise, high efficiency, and flexibility in grid operation and integration. This chapter includes an overview of electric vehicle technologies as well as associated energy storage systems. Different types of electric-drive vehicles are presented. Also, if hazardous gas is detected inside of the cabin such as CO2 gas as a result of occupants of the vehicle, the system will open windows of the vehicle automatically. The advantage of this system is proper detection and faster response time leading to faster diffusion of the situation, compared with the manual methods. The gas sensor used in this project is MQ-7 and MQ-135 which detects the presence of hazardous gases both inside and outside of the vehicle cabin. These sensors will detect the concentration of the gas according to the voltage output of the sensor. To make the sensors operate in the control and data monitoring system, Arduino Uno was used as the microcontroller for the whole system. The circuit also includes Servo motor, buzzer, exhaust fan and LCD screen.

ABSTRACT1,2-Dinitroxy propane-based liquid fuel is an advanced high energy fuel for torpedoes. The high energy fuel is used with an oxidiser, viz., hydroxyl ammonium perchlorate as a bi-propellant system for torpedo propulsion. Thermal stability of high energy fuel has been arrived at by differential thermal analysis and also by following the depletion in stabiliser content as well as increase in acidity with ageing. Rate constant for decomposition, activation energy for depletion of 2-nitro diphenylamine (2-NDPA) and shelf-life of high energy fuel have been determined. Due to the high vapour pressure of high energy fuel (because of 1,2-dinitroxy propane), usual experimental set up could not be used and the sample was conditioned in sealed tubes. The shelf-life of high energy fuel is arrived at using Woolwich, Berthelot and Arrhenius equations and the results obtained are 100 years, 125 years and 276 years, respectively. Considering the safety aspect, the lowest value, viz., 100 years is recommended as safe life of high energy fuel. This work confirms the reported estimates of the good storage stability of high energy fuel.

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