Flavonoid compound from durian shell biowaste was identified by phytochemical assay and FTIR spectrophotometric methods. Total flavonoid content determined by the aluminum chloride (AlCl3) method using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Durian shells, which are a waste that causes the environmental problem, can be used as a source of potentially valuable flavonoid compounds. Flavonoid has antioxidants ability that is beneficial and useful. Durian shell used in this research consists of three types, namely Malika, Malon, and Monti, which are from local Indonesian durian. Based on the result, proximate test analysis showed that three local durian shell samples generally had a water content of 7%, a fat content of 0.9%, the protein content of 4.9%, an ash content of 8.5%, and a 78% carbohydrate content. The results of the analysis of the three durian shell samples did not show significantly different results. Then for the phytochemical assay, three local durian shell samples contained phenols, steroids, and terpenoids, the results of the phytochemical assay showed that there were more phenolic groups than the flavonoid group. The following analysis result is the functional group of three samples using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectrophotometer shows that the three types of durian shell samples have a band that is slightly different from the standard, but the number of waves in this band is similar to the standard quercetin. Then for total flavonoid levels in local durian shell using the aluminum chloride (AlCl3) method, the result is Monti durian shell having higher flavonoid levels, each 0.405 ± 0.002 mg QE/g, compared with each other shell type namely Malika and Malon of 0.321 ± 0.003 mg QE / g and 0.324 ± 0.002 mg QE/g, respectively. Thus in this study shows that Indonesian local durian shell contains significant total flavonoid content without the need for extraction. Samples were only dissolved with ethanol solvent, then a series of tests were carried out, then a series of tests were carried out, ranging from phytochemical assessment, FTIR spectrophotometer, and AlCl3 methods to determine the total flavonoid content through quantitative.

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This study reported the antioxidant activity of sappan wood (Caesalpinia sappan L.) extract and their extract fraction from the liquid-liquid extraction and vacuum liquid chromatography. The study comprises with phytochemical assessments, evaluation of total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC). The evaluation of antioxidant activity was carried out by using the DPPH method. The effectiveness of antioxidant activity in sappan wood compared to quercetin. Extract of sappan wood (ESW) yields of 5.40%, extract fraction from liquid-liquid extraction (FE LLE) yields of 52.15% and extract fraction from vacuum liquid chromatography (FE VLC) with silica gel and eluent sequential from n-hexane, 5% n-hexane/95% ethyl acetate, ethyl acetate and 5% ethyl acetate/45% methanol was produced 60 of fractions extract. The thin-layer chromatography (TLC) was analyzed using silica gel as a stationary phase with the mobile phase of n-hexane:ethyl acetate (1:0.55) was obtained 10 of fractions extract in fractions of 6 and 7, which showed the most positive results. The phytochemical test indicated the presence of phenolic and flavonoids compounds. The highest values for TPC was FE LLE (216.67 mg GAE/g), FE VLC 160.83 (mg GAE/g) and ESW (18.33 mg GAE/g), respectively. The highest values for TFC were F VLC (152.48 mg QE/g), FE LLE (66.2 mg QE/g) and ESW (48.4 mg QE/g), respectively. Then, the highest of antioxidants activity were F VLC (5.42 μg/mL), FE LLE (6.41 μg/mL), quercetin (6.52 μg/mL) and ESW (7.82 μg/mL), respectively. The results showed that the highest of TFC was related to the antioxidant activity. However, the highest value of TPC was not showed the highest antioxidant activity. Both ESW, FE LLE and FE VLC with quercetin as control exhibited powerful antioxidants.