We selected 60 references based on the above criteria. Renal vein thrombosis is relatively rare. CT angiography is considered the investigation of choice. Alternatives include MR angiography or renal venography in highly selected patients. As the condition is relatively uncommon, consensus on the best form of therapy for this condition has been slow to evolve. The trend in management has shifted to non-surgical therapies particularly systemic anticoagulation except in highly selected group of patients.

Routine bilateral lower-extremity venous duplex studies are not necessary in outpatients presenting with unilateral symptoms. In many outpatients, a single-limb study will suffice. If a patient is found to have a DVT on the symptomatic side, then we believe that a bilateral study is indicated. We do believe that routine bilateral scanning of inpatients remains justified. This algorithm may save technician time and increase vascular laboratory efficiency.

Odontogenic myxoma is a rare benign neoplasm with locally aggressive behaviour and a high risk of recurrence. It has a predilection for the mandible and occurs in the 2nd–3rd decade. The authors report a case of an odontogenic myxoma presenting with a spontaneous oro‐nasal fistula in a 29‐year‐old male. Histo‐pathological analysis of the incisional biopsy specimen initially suggested a diagnosis of calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumour. A partial maxillectomy was performed, and following assessment of the resection specimen, a diagnosis of odontogenic myxoma was rendered. A 3 cm bicortical iliac crest bone graft was harvested and inset to the right maxillary defect under general anaesthesia. Rehabilitation will be completed with the placement of implants.

Over the past few years, the potential therapeutic benefits of botulinum toxin in the urinary tract have been exploited, although on an ‘off‐licence’ basis. The authors demonstrate a typical case of the use of botulinum toxin type A in a patient with idiopathic detrusor overactivity. Copyright © 2008 Wiley Interface Ltd.