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The article examines the problems of preserving and reviving historical and national traditions in the architecture of the rural dwelling of ethnic groups of the Russian-Kazakh border. The relevance of the study is due to the world processes of globalization, the growth of the population of cities and the gradual loss of unique objects of material culture in rural areas. The purpose of the study is to identify the space-planning, architectural and artistic features of rural dwellings of the Russian, Kazakh, Tatar and Bashkir peoples of the Russian-Kazakhstan borderland. The following methods were applied in scientific work: full-scale observations of existing buildings and structures on the studied territory, study of the natural climatic and landscape characteristics of the area, a comparative analysis of the established types of housing of ethnic groups. Within the framework of the study, architectural and artistic solutions of facades of traditional dwellings of different peoples, the peculiarities of the organization of interior spaces, their compositional and coloristic solution were considered and the relationship of historically established techniques with modern methods of building residential buildings of the rural population of the region was traced. As a result of the study, it was concluded that there is a partial loss of identity, smoothing out national features in the volumetric-planning and architectural-artistic solution of the dwelling of ethnic groups in the studied territory. At the same time, the preservation and revival of national features will help not only enrich the architecture of rural dwelling, but will also contribute to increasing tourist interest and the development of ethnocultural tourism in the Russian-Kazakh borderland.