Different degrees of crimp were developed in three jute samples when they were treated with 18% (w/w) sodium hydroxide solution. Better crimp formation of the fiber was accompanied by larger longitudinal contraction of the fiber, larger longitudinal shrinkage, and greater swelling of the ulti mate cells of the fiber. Loss in weight and inward swelling of cell-wall materials (typical when jute was treated with 18% (w/w) alkali) may not be considered as the dominant factors responsible for crimp formation of the fiber.

Well combed jute fibers of W2 grade were subjected to alkali treatment ( e. g. sodium hydroxide solution) at 10% (w/w) and 18% (w/w) concentrations at 30°C. The.loss in weight, the reduction in fiber fineness, the change in tensile properties, and the extent of longitudinal shrinkage were compared with raw jute. Fibers treated with 18% (w/w) alkali developed pronounced crimp, while those treated with 10% (w/w) alkali did not. It was further observed that though the crimp that developed was three-dimensional in nature, the two-dimensional approximation of crimp profile held well, presumably due to a low degree of tortuosity.

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Higher bond rigidity between fiber/binder/fiber complexes in jute nonwovens may be derived from a binder of higher tenacity and higher initial modulus. Hot calendering can remarkably improve tenacity. Deterioration of the mechanical properties in nonwovens of higher web weight is associated with delamination.