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The role of the emotions in learning has long been acknowledged but is often overlooked. This article considers the impact one particular emotion, happiness, has on learning and the school curriculum. Recent reports have drawn attention to the importance of happiness (or the lack of it) by highlighting concerns about childhood well-being. At the same time, there is increasing evidence from psychology and neuroscience to suggest that periods of happiness are linked to personal growth, health and development. When we are happy it seems we are more likely to be receptive to outside stimuli than when we are sad or distressed. Happiness also makes us more disposed to engage in creative endeavour, which is itself another source of fulfilment. Positive psychologists argue that rather than being fixed, happiness, optimism and other positive traits can be learnt. We offer evidence from our own professional experience in teaching to corroborate these claims and to extend the debate about the relevance of affective neuroscience to education. In conclusion, we consider how a focus on happiness might underpin a positive approach to curriculum reform. IntroductionHappiness matters. It matters so much that many of us make personal fulfilment and well-being the main aim in our lives. Parents, too, generally want their children to be happy and to enjoy the experience of childhood above all else. In this article we offer theoretical and practical perspectives on how a pedagogy of happiness and well-being might be developed in educational settings. In particular, we highlight recent thinking in education, psychology and neuroscience to consider the following issues:

Despite government rhetoric, higher education lecturers and schoolteachers in the UK remain under pressure to focus on standards and measurement in the core curriculum at the relative expense of a wider and more creative education. This article argues that the balance needs redressing and explores the nature of creative teaching in the context of initial teacher education. It reports an investigation into creative teaching, undertaken through peer review and analysis of sessions in geography, music and English. Students' responses were collected and interviews conducted. The sessions were examined in relation to content, teaching style and student experience, from which common themes were then identified. These themes included: contextualisation; using metaphor; style and pace of delivery; tutor confidence and ability to inspire; valuing students; emotional engagement; and challenging students to reflect upon their own learning. It is suggested that creative teaching is a complex and invigorating cocktail. The ingredients of the cocktail can be identified and may be taught, but much depends upon the vigour of the mixing and the individual experiences of those who attend each 'cocktail party'.

This article considers some of the key challenges and opportunities for global learning. It is argued that global learning is a confused terrain that is emotionally 'hot' because it impacts on deep-rooted notions of nationality and personal identity. The difficulty of engaging with controversial issues such as power relations, social injustice, migration and global poverty are explored, along with the legacy of colonialism. Recognizing that global learning aims to develop new ways of thinking suggests that progression and assessment may need to be reframed around overarching concepts and the formation of values, rather than measurable outcomes. Intriguingly, this also offers an opportunity to realign the curriculum to better address twenty-first-century needs, particularly with respect to sustainability and the environment.

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