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The susceptibility of slopes in open pit coal mines to various modes of failure (i.e., plane, wedge, circular and toppling failure) could be envisaged by virtue of processing and analysis of pertinent satellite data. The aim of the present study was to integrate thematic maps generated using remote sensing image processing techniques, in order to finally produce slope failure hazard zonation maps in and around Singrauli coalfield, India. The various failure-inducing factors, variables and parameters can be extracted from different satellite data and imageries. The data acquired by different sensors such as TM, ETM+, etc., of LANDSAT series and CARTOSAT of ISRO Bhuvan was used in this study. All these data were subsequently used to create different thematic maps such as slope map, lithological map, land use/land cover map, principal component analysis map, digital elevation model (DEM), etc. An advanced analysis for extraction of lineament attributes was also undertaken.

In this study, proper design of coal pillar has ever remained a difficult and challenging task because of two conflicting objectives, namely the conservation of coal on one hand that requires coal pillars to be of minimum size and stability of pillars, and on the other hand that ensures safety of working. The complex loading conditions, the occurrence of seams in close succession and geological abnormalities present in seams make the design problems of coal even more complex and complicated. An attempt has been made in this paper to enlist and describe briefly factors affecting pillar strength and empirical strength equations/formulae developed by different researchers in different parts around the globe. Further, a comparative study has been made for a given set of geo-mining conditions to know the suitability of these equations in terms of their being either over-estimators or under-estimators.

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