Chronic kidney disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. These patients tend to have various hematological abnormalities especially anemia which needs prompt treatment. A cross sectional observational study was conducted to study various hematological abnormalities commonly found in chronic kidney disease patients who were undergoing hemodialysis for a minimum period of three months. The principal finding in this study was prevalence of anemia in all the patients studied. There was presence of significant number of abnormal cells in the peripheral smear like Burr cells, Macroovalocytes and fragmented RBCs. However white blood cell count, Platelet count, Bleeding time and Clotting time were within normal limits. With this study we could conclude that anemia is a major comorbidity in hemodialysis patients, which require detailed evaluation and management.

Chronic kidney disease is commonly associated with increase in blood phosphate levels. In early stages phosphate levels are maintained in normal limits because of the hyperparathyroidism causing phosphaturia. With advancement in renal disease hyperphosphatemia becomes evident. As a consequence of same there will be worsening of hyperparathyroidism and predisposition to develop metastatic calcification. In this study we have analyzed the serum levels of Calcium, Phosphorous and Parathormone levels in chronic kidney disease patients who were evaluated in nephrourology centre over a period of one month. It was then evaluated to see the correlation between aforementioned parameters with cardiovascular disease in those patients. The study showed significant correlation between the serum phosphate levels with cardiovascular morbidity in study population but didn't show significant relation with serum calcium and parathormone levels. From the study it can be concluded that a large percentage of end stage renal disease patients have high phosphate levels and this plays a significant role in cardiovascular morbidity in them.

Organophosphorous (OP) compound poisoning is one of the common cases presenting to medical emergency. Erythrocyte cholinesterase (EchE) and pseudocholinesterase (Butyryl cholinesterase -BchE) are markers used for assessing the severity in OP poisoning. However due to the high expense of this marker there is requirement of better and less expensive marker like Creatinine phosphokinase (CPK). Our study was conducted among hundred patients who presented to the hospital over a period of one year. Thorough clinical examination of patients was done at admission along with laboratory values of serum CPK level assessment. Patients were monitored during hospital stay. Out of study population majority were male and in age group of 21-40 years. Thirty four patients had elevated CPK levels at admission which correlated with development of intermediate syndrome. Thus due to ease of availability and being less expensive CPK levels can be used as prognostic marker in op poisoning.